THE AMERICAS

 

13        The Americas

 

 EUROPEAN DATES ABOUT THE TIME OF THE OLMEC

3,525   3,647                          Thera Eruption   Destruction of Minoans

3500                                        Olmec: S. Mexico  1500 BC to 400 BC

3,447                                       Shekinah   A Deluge

3,341                                       King Tutankamen Egypt   R1b1a2 haplotype well established

3,200                                       Rise of Celts  Urnfield Culture central Europe

3,200                                       End of Bronze Age Europe     Drought Hatti, Wars, migrations, raiding, drop in trade

3,200                                       Mediterranean Sea Peoples  Origins Sardinia, Anatolia, Greece, raided Levant, Egypt

So the Olmec or Ti people made these huge heads and the standard history is they appeared about 3,500 years ago complete with writing system, astronomy, huge stoneworks and greatly more than just the subsistence level.  But what about Hueylatlaco?  Academics have been trying to ruin careers over the dating of stone tools found at the Hueylatlaco site in Mexico, but I prefer to go with a real scientist and his determination.  It is difficult to contradict. 

” Biostratigraphic researcher Sam VanLandingham has published two peer-reviewed analyses that confirm the earlier findings of ca. 250,000ybp for the tool-bearing strata at Hueyatlaco. His 2004 analysis found that Hueyatlaco samples could be dated to the Sangamonian Interglacial period (ca. 80,000 to 220,000ybp) by the presence of multiple diatom species, one of which first appeared during this era and others that became extinct by the era's end.^[9] VanLandingham's 2006 paper^[10] refined and re-confirmed his 2004 findings.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hueyatlaco

Tools found in the strata are obviously old and of some refinement, not Eurasian but of the Americas. 

 

 

 

Figure 123:  Tools found at Hueyatlaco  https://bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/archeohhist/archeohhist05.htm

 

Lest I be referred to as ‘fringe’, I prefer to look at all viewpoints before casting them out.  I remember the dating controversy Dr. Dillahay encountered with his work in South America, establishing a vastly earlier human presence than the entrenched academia in some instances.  I applaud Dr. Dillahay to this day!

Is the Hueyatlaco controversy another academic ambush?  I tend to think it is.  I hope the Mexicans take over the site and excavate it and find more.  They could make an exhibit in the big museum in Mexico City.  I read there was a skullcap found also.  I wonder where it went?  The Mexicans should demand it back. 

So now I think the Ti or the Olmec were there a long time before the ‘established’ academics said they were.  Their culture was too advanced and too prescient to be so young.  And who would have thought to make stone heads like these?

 

 

 

Figure 124:  Olmec Head   http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/mexicostoneheads.htm      This site has numerous photos of Olmec heads.    I recommend it highly.  

 

This next photo is of an item recovered from the Father Crespi collection based in Equador.  I do not think this particular item is a fake.  The leggings match the headgear of the colossal Olmec head.  This piece might be Pleistocene.  It shows a beardless man in an elaborate costume standing on a tiled floor with undecipherable symbols on each tile.  This is fine work, not the work of some faker. 

Figure 125:  Father Crespi artifact   https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-americas/father-crespi-and-missing-golden-artefacts-001196

 

This man’s face is of another ethnic group than that of the stone heads, but definitely not Mayan either.  Some people feel the stone heads indicate African ancestry and others say the heads resemble those of living people in the area. 

The map shows the Olmec area of influence, which obviously began on the east coast of North America and spread to the surrounding areas, if current knowledge is correct.  If the Olmec were indigenous, was that the best area to live?  Abundant fishing and tropical fruits and back in the Pleistocene, a place to hunt and raise crops.  Were the Olmec traders?  In the Pleistocene, there was more land out there in the Caribbean and Florida was larger and I know those people traveled the Gulf of Mexico and spread their culture North to the Moundbuilders.  Were there communications with Africa?  I think there was, during the Pleistocene or the Bolling Allerod surely and probably long before that.  I think the commerce was suspended during the latter part of the Bolling Allerod, during the time when Atlantis is said to have disappeared and the sea between EurAfrica and the Americas became treacherous and technology became lost. 

Figure 126:  Olmec and Maya areas of influence  https://www.crystalinks.com/olmec.html

The map illustrates the known knowledge of the Olmec diffusion, which might be related to the Monte Alto culture in Guatemala which is said to be in existence before the Olmec.  The blending of Olmec and Maya characteristics takes place after the end of the Younger Dryas, maybe.  I think the dates for the Olmecs are far too compressed and that Pleistocene era megaliths reported in Mexico must be examined, Mitla in particular.

“Theodore G Schurr and colleagues(1990) 'Both the North American Pima and the Central American Maya have high frequencies of the Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation containing the rare Asian RFLP Hine II morph 6 in conjunction with an Asian-specific 9 based pair deletion.' It appears that both the Pima and the Maya are genetically very close to the Polynesians. The arrival of these genes in America is believed to have been between 6-8,000 years ago, ruling out the possibility of Polynesian origins as Polynesians have only been in the Pacific for 2,200 years. A migration from America is far more logical.”   http://users.on.net/~mkfenn/page5.htm

I suggest that you go to that site and look at the genetic evidence detailed there.  This is definitely a new theory and the data they have is interesting and probably open to a variety of interpretations.  Maybe there were two kinds of Polynesians:  a northern group and a southern group.  And maybe the northern group did develop and spread south along the coasts.  Or maybe the Polynesians are the remnants of an ancient Pacific Rim Civilization.

Genetics does not lie but our data is incomplete.  Dr. Tokunaga has seen the evidence of Yonaguni and has studied the genetics. 

“HLA24-Cw8-B48, A24-Cw10-B60 and A24-Cw9-B61 were all commonly observed in Taiwan indigenous populations, Tibetans, Thais, Japanese, Orochon in North East China, Buryat, Man,Yakut, Inuit, Tlingit, Pima, Maya and Maori.' These findings further support the hypothesis that East Asia (Yonaguni/Taiwan area) was the dispersal point for all these cultures. This exodus 6-8,000 years ago coincides with the final rapid rise in sealevels at the end of the Ice Age which flooded this megalithic civilization on the island chain between Taiwan and Japan.”  Katsushi Tokunaga and colleagues. ‘Genetic link between Asians and Native Americans: Evidence from HLA genes and haplotypes' in Human Immunology 62 1001-1008 (2001).

 

This information appears to be a beginning salvo in an academic war about the origins of the Polynesians, with new theories seeking to prove the Northwest Coast of North America and now other American origins for the Polynesians.  I have long thought that the Beringia only migration theory was erroneous and narrow in scope. 

So do Olmec heads look like Polynesian kings or warriors?    

Figure 127:  Olmec Head https://www.lazerhorse.org/2014/10/02/olmec-incredible-mesoamerican-art/#

 

Here’s an old photo of a Polynesian woman to compare with the Olmec head:

Figure 128:  Polynesian Woman   http://killpic.pw/Vintage-Topless-HULA-GIRL-Postcard-Polynesian.html

 

These kings wore helmets that look like battle helmets to me but I suppose they could be sports helmets.   It is said that the heads were the kings.   What did these people appreciate?  I know they made rubber balls and traded rubber.   Academia is obsessed with who came first and who discovered it when they should realize that many cultures back then were contemporaneous, just like today and they adopted each other’s foods and arts through trade and war just like today.  So if the Olmecs or Ti People looked like one group and the Mayans looked like another group, they eventually blended, possibly after some ancient war and migration, or extensive trade and migration. 

Figure 129:  Olmec Head  https://www.thoughtco.com/olmec-religion-2136646   Olmec Head at the Xalapa Anthropology Museum. Photo by Christopher Minster

Asian physical influence is obvious in the next photo.  The ‘baby’ looks Asian and is wearing an Asian style hat.  Gavin Menzes has several books out detailing the voyages of the early Chinese that are well worth reading. 

It looks like the early Asians left all kinds of calling cards like pottery styles and facial structures as they merged with the early indigenous cultures in the Americas.  I do think there was a Pacific Rim Culture during the Pleistocene and I think genetics is finally unravelling the truth.  Not all civilizations rose in the ‘old’ world, so that term should be dropped for lack of meaning.  Maybe the Polynesian civilization did arise in the Americas…

Maybe Chinese cultural attributes traveled with the groups that became the Maya, like hats and pottery styles and writing….Asian looking Olmec artwork is common and the Olmecs made small highly polished jade carvings similar to those of central China. 

 Figure 130:  Olmec Baby  http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread992421/pg1

This babyish figure has an Asian face and the hat also looks Asian.  There are many figures like this in the Olmec art.   

This face looks like a combination of the Asian and Olmec possibly. 

 

Figure 131:  Olmec Adult https://www.ancient.eu/Olmec_Civilization/

 

 We see the merging of two civilizations in the Olmec art, one Austronesian and Polynesian in origin and the later one a migration from Asia, bringing the glyph style of writing, which soon predominated. 

Maya art glorifies rulers and a careful analysis of the facts you can glean from just looking at it shows their mindset and their judicial system. 

A stelae was found in Kaminaljuyu, a Mayan site in the isthmus closer to the Pacific Ocean.  Bound captives are shown and these captives show us something about them.  Two of the captives have a bone crosswise in their nose.  Every human figure has a different headdress or an ornament behind their heads and every figure but the top left have ear spools or large round earlobes.  Were these people all different status?  The hats mean something, like the police chief wears a differently decorated hat to signify status.   I know there are ancient examples of huge earlobes and ear spools all over Southeast Asia and in Equador and other areas in South America.   

Figure 132:  Kaminalijuyu  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaminaljuyu#/media/File:Monument_65.jpg      By Jonathan Kaplan1938, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50228388

Kaminaljuyu Monument 65, 290 by 200 by 33 cm

So the honchos sitting on the ‘thrones’ are obviously in control.  The captives look suppliant and scared but the honchos are flipping them off!  Look at the hands.  It’s the bird!  The origination of the ‘bird’.  I thought about it a while remembering the bird in Merida, Mexico City, Guadalajara, LA, Phoenix, Tucson, Albuquerque, El Paso, Houston, Brownsville……not that I was flipped off that many times.  I don’t remember the bird in Germany or France or Spain although it may have been there.   I don’t know about Asia or India or China.  I guess the ancient Maya and probably the Olmecs used the gesture, like a thumbs down given by Nero.  It’s strange how something like that lives on. 

Do these depict the conquering of the Olmec by the Mayans?  The faces look like different, one more Olmec and one more Mayan.  Was there a turncoat Mayan in the middle right figure? 

What do the headdresses signify?  I had a theory that the elaborate designs emanating from the craniums might be thoughts visualized.  It looks like the three ‘kings’ have the same hairstyle, luxuriant hair caught behind the neck in a band.  The suppliant Mayan looking figure does not have the same hairstyle as the ‘kings’.  This was an ancient war we can learn about if we think and observe the information available.  I love this stelae!   What is the meaning of the small sphere in front of the kings’ faces?

The spheres in front of the rulers’ noses might be related to the flaming pearl that indicated wisdom and strength when before a dragon’s face.

This unrestored pyramid is said to be built by the Olmec and is now said to be an ancient step pyramid but recent research has found megaliths in the area.  Check out Brian Forster’s Utube presentation on the Olmecs.  Mr. Forster knows megaliths all over the world and I take his word for it!  How many step pyramids have a megalith base? 

La Venta Pyramid said to be an eroded rectangular step pyramid  33 meters high

Figure 133:  La Venta Pyramid  http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/mexicolaventa.htm

 

The Olmec pyramid at the Cantona site looks like those in the Canary Islands in restored condition.   I think there was another layer on top or it had pillars, like a Toltec pyramid.

Olmec pyramid restored, Cantona site 

Figure 134:  Olmec Cantona site  https://travelingted.com/2012/11/26/cantona-olmec-ruins-in-mexico-photo-essay/

 

Some look for an African origin for the Olmec but genetic studies suggest otherwise.  The shape of these pyramids might offer a clue as to ancient influences and trade ideas and possibly skilled workers migrating and imported, complete with architecture, like the Greeks.  It’s not a coincidence that they look alike, like the step pyramid of Saqqara in shape.  Stones or adobes? 

I look at photos of these things and count the steps and they usually appear to be 5, 7, 9, 11 steps, varying with the size.  Why not 4,6,8 etc.?  There is a significance to this sequence. 

The Saqqara Pyramid was said to be built about 2648 BC, a thousand years after the Olmec civilization.  Maybe some ideas came from the Olmec to the Africans.   

 

 

Saqqara Pyramid Egypt  4648 years old Standard Dating

Figure 135:  Saqqara Egypt  https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g294202-d469330-i23945835-Step_Pyramid_of_Djoser-Giza_Giza_Governorate.html

The Canary Island pyramids look related and are said to be made by the Guanches of the Islands, a white group of people who resemble genetically the mainland Berbers in North Africa.  They are tall, blond people who sometimes have double rows of teeth, which reminds me of the Moundbuilders and various legends of giants in the Americas.  One source called them Cro-Magnon types like in Paleolithic Europe who settled in the Islands as the Sahara Desert dried out and became arid by 5000 years ago. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pyramids Canary Islands

Figure 136:  Canary Island Pyramids  https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-ancient-writings/did-celts-create-ibero-guanche-writing-canary-islands-008515

 

Some researchers do not think the Guanches built the pyramids and other researchers say the Guanches are actually Cro-Magnon man as he appeared in Europe.  The next photo shows a pyramid in ruins apparently related to the North African Berbers.  It appears to be constructed of shale like rocks but has the same shape with four visible layers.  I hope they are able to do archaeological work out there to find out more about it. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pyramids Berbers North Africa ruins

Figure 137:  North Africa eroded pyramid  http://www.portail-amazigh.com/2013/07/pyramides-berbers-berber-pyramids.html?m=1

 

To consider pyramids coming from the opposite direction, the Zapotec pyramid of Monte Alban shows characteristics of two kinds of pyramids, like Caral and like the Olmec.  This one looks like a combination of the two. 

What a cultural bloom that must have been, culminating in several ancient civilizations.

Monte Alban Zapotec  Standard dates 700 BC to 1521 when their civilization was conquered by the Spanish.

Figure 138:  Monte Alban Zapotec Site   Author  Lsalgador82  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Piramide_parte_alta_monte_alban.JPG

 

 

El Tajin Mexico  Standard dating 600-1200 AD as a recent local empire

Figure 139:  El Tajin  Mexico  Ernest Mettendorf    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:El_Tajín_Pyramid_of_the_Niches.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tula Pyramid  Tula fell about 1150 AD

Figure 140:  Tula Mexico  By AlejandroLinaresGarcia - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24484504

 

 

The next photo is of Kol Ker Cambodia, a step pyramid similar to those in the Americas and in the Canary Islands.  Mr. Buildreps has calculated the beginning age for Kol Ker foundations at 240,000 to 270,000 years ago.   Kol Ker and the reservoir are oriented at 15 degrees West of the current pole.   Koh Ker was capital of the Khmer Empire around 940 CE.

  Figure 141:  Koh Ker Cambodia https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Koh_Ker  

 

Mayan Pyramid  Tikal, Guatemala  732 AD 

Figure 142:  Tikal Guatemala  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikal_Temple_I

Cambodian Pyramid looks like Tikal in Guatemala.  1000 AD

 

Figure 143:  Cambodian Pyramid  https://keeperofthehome.org/12-things-my-children-learned-while-worldschooling-this-year/

 

The Olmec excelled in stone carvings resembling those of ancient Asia, possibly a remnant of that Pacific Rim Pleistocene civilization I believe existed.  Trade was probably extensive before the beginning of the Holocene although physical evidence is scant, artwork all along the Rim from Japan down the coast of Mexico has similar artwork to that of the ancient Japanese and the Northwest Coast Native Americans.

Figure 144:  Olmec Figurine

http://www.antiques.com/classified_items.php?SeArChItEmS=&startrage=&endrange=&catid=380&GoPageNo=56

 

 

 

 

The next photo is of a bat bracelet, Shang Dynasty China, 1100 BC. 

    Figure 145:  Bat https://www.paradeantiques.co.uk/china-ceramics-glass/oriental/chinese/c1100-b.c.-chinese-shang-to-zhou-carved-russet-jade-bat-bracelet

 

 Figure 146:  Bat https://www.paradeantiques.co.uk/china-ceramics-glass/oriental/chinese/c1100-b.c.-chinese-shang-to-zhou-carved-russet-jade-bat-bracelet

 

 

 

A Monte Alto Guatemala sculpture that might be pre Olmec or something else entirely.

 Figure 147:  Monte Alto Guatemala http://ajourneythroughguatemala.blogspot.com/2010/07/monte-alto-culture-key-to-understand.html

 

Who were the Olmec or Ti People?  I think the Ti were indigenous to the Americas from some 400,000 years ago and did not develop in isolation, but was part of a community of nations, sometimes more than others.  The most recent isolation has been since the beginning of the Holocene some 12,500 years ago due to some climate change issues.  The Olmec were very early in our known world, easily competing with other known sites as traders and disseminators of their genes and cultural knowledge throughout the world, not just in a limited domain.  Evidence lies in the pyramid formats, hairless dogs, genetic data and artwork that a Pacific Rim Civilization existed during the Pleistocene, the remnants of which were the Northwest Coast of North America Amerind civilization, the Jomon in Japan, the Valdivia Culture of South America, Caral, the Olmec, the Maya, and the Ollantetambo and Saksayhuaman megaliths in South America and no doubt others along the Chinese coast, the Phillipines and Southeast Asia.  The original Amerinds were in place as new migrants with new ideas began a settlement effort during the Holocene well after the sea levels rose.  The Olmec had ports on the Atlantic and Pacific sides and they may have been originally traders who settled in the beautiful region. 

The end of the glacial period was a time of trials for humanity, when populations were fluid and the coastlines were shrinking and territory was lost and probably fights broke out and people migrated out of necessity. 

Maybe the existing decimated populations of the Americas welcomed the new migrants, opened trade networks and began cultural exchanges or maybe they were conquered and their culture appropriated and blended with the new.  Some of the genetic signals appear to be quite old, and others are newer and more prevalent.   Look at the dogs!

Hairless Dog Xoloitzcuintli  Mexico

 Figure 148:  Zoloizcuintli  http://animalia-life.club/other/mexican-hairless-dog.html

Peruvian Hairless Dog

Figure 149:  Peruvian Xolo  http://megamascota.hiperarticulos.com/peruvian-dog/

Chinese Crested hairless Dog

Figure 150:  Chinese Hairless    https://animalsbreeds.com/chinese-crested/

People travel and migrate with their dogs and the intermingling of civilizations mingles dogs. 

 

Standard Dates for these civilizations  

 

Name and Location                                                   Standard Date

 

Jomon: Japan                                                                                  14,500 BC  to 300 AD

Daxi   NW China                                                                             5000 to 3300 BC

Yangshao China                                                                             5000 BC to 3000 BC

Valdivia: coast Peru                                                                      3500-1800 BC  

Olmec: S. Mexico                                                                          1500 BC to 400 BC

Adena: Midwest USA                                                                   1000 to 200 BC

Chavin de Huantar:                                                                       900 BC  to 200 BC

Maya: MesoAmerica                                                                    350BC to 1540 AD

Hopewell: Midwest USA                                                                         200 BC to 500 AD

Teotihuacan: C. Mexico                                                               100 BC to 550 AD

Moche:                                                                                             100 AD to 800 AD

Wari:                                                                                                 600 to 1000 AD

Cahokia: Illinois/St. Louis                                                           600 to 1400 AD

Sican                                                                                                  750 to 1375 AD 

Chimu                                                                                                1100 to 1470 AD

 

 

 

  

2022 EDUCATIONAL CHANGE NEEDED  

 

It is obvious that school reform is needed.  Here are some reasons:

Population density

Worldwide travel

Instant transmission of disease

Internet and information revolution

Higher literacy rates

Electronics

Changing vocations

University system reform

Politicization of public schools

 

Curricular suggestions for Vocational beginning at around 12 years of age with introductory information with voluntary signups for older students in more specialized learning across the spectrum. 

 

·         Food Production

·         Welding

·         Mathematics

·         Engineering

·         Mechanics

·         Carpentry

·         Internet

·         Personal finances

·         Electronics

·         Art

·         Video Construction

·         Gaming

·         Critical Thinking

·         Writing

·         Programming

·         Ap construction

·         Music

·         Strategy

·         History

·         Sociology

·         Health care

·         Law

·         Government

·         Energy Sources

·         Military

·         Space Science

·         Mathematics

·         Small business

·         Entrepreneurism

·         Capitalism

 

 

Reorganizing Sports To Eliminate Injustice

 

Sports are important and as such should be considered but possibly from a different perspective than now, using the schools to perpetuate them.  I know from experience that ‘ineligibility’ is always a huge issue with students and teachers and administrators who did not want an academically failing student to have success at sports and thus be a role model.  This attitude does not allow the sports talent to shine and the students usually drops out.  Taking sports out of the schools’ control could result in the success of a set of talented students now eliminated by the system.  Our high schools should not be ‘sports farms’ for the predatory promoters at the university level.  It is expensive and the high school events have low community attendance due to the low number of students benefitting. 

 

I will use Tucson as an example of a possible paradigm for sports events in the community without school involvement.  Possibly each Ward could field teams and the Wards play each other, with community attendance and banquet for all teams hosted by the city.  Tryouts come from the community and attendance is free, a subsidized community benefit.  How about adult teams, teen teams and youth teams?  The community already has numerous playing fields at the schools, right there to be used by the communities who paid for them.  Put the sports in the community and make it for everybody, not just the ‘eligible’.    

 

As for sports in higher education, I suggest the promoters find other sponsors.  The stadiums can be used for other purposes and for community games.  Possibly the promoters could now pay the players more than currently because they make huge money off students using the university name to do it.  And even the Board of Regents is bolstering sports by requiring students to buy sports tickets even when they are not interested.  Are they still collecting that, even now?   And all the Promoters are paid fat salaries to preside while the players who make the money for them look up at the prestige boxes…

 

This is an opportunity to change education and how our tax money is being spent.  I think if the school boards cannot make changes that adapt to changing conditions, the education money should go to the parents.  The parents need a flex scheduling option for home instruction plus online meetings and pre recorded options for attendance purposes.  This should be delivered by the school in an easily accessed

format and in person tutoring sessions should be available upon appointment.  If this cannot be done, the school should receive no funding, as it is inadequate for current conditions.   

Monies spent on sports in the schools should be redirected to the cities/counties for development of a local inclusive sports program that serves the community. 

 

The Contingency Planning Problem Demands Creativity and Flexibility

 

School personnel and parents have an identical attendance goal:  Parents want educational credit for attendance of distance learning and the schools want credit for attendance to receive funding from the state.   The encouragement of attendance is paramount and to achieve that goal, the schools must accommodate the needs of the parents and students. 

Students need a curriculum and curricular choices that reflect academic standards and employment interests.  If the current high school graduation standards are in effect, the curriculum must reflect this reality.   The ‘grades’ should go to a mastery learning format that automatically adjusts to the student, thus enabling students to work at their own speed and achieve at their own speed.  To force the babysitting format of the public schools on home learning is ludicrous, so let the motivated students forge ahead.  This includes ‘high school’ students as well.  If a student can finish ‘high school’ academic requirements in less time than the proscribed four years, so be it.   If it takes longer, so be it.  The point is that schools must offer the curricular requirements necessary for graduation to receive funding, not just log in attendance to a weak program. 

As for implementing the curriculum, the distance learning format can be utilized to provide prerecorded lessons and assignments that can be used to guarantee attendance credit for both parties.  This is a convenience for parents and administrators and the student receives lessons that must be done to receive attendance credit.  Attendance reporting policy probably needs revision to reflect a new reality.   Weekly reports should be enough, not daily.   

Curricular implementation through ‘class’ meetings online restricts parent and students to a timeframe that may not be convenient considering job responsibilities and other family members.  These ‘class’ meetings should also be recorded for reinforcement of curricular goals.  Participation in these should be voluntary, with grade credit for watching the session.  Exercises should be offered in electronic format or printable, and able to be graded and recorded online.

Distance learning serves the parents and students, not the schools.  The schools serve the parents and students and if the school cannot provide parents with a convenient way to educate their children, they will go elsewhere.  The law requires teaching the children, but not where.  Public schools are a convenience, not a requirement.  If parents do get control of the student money, the incompetent schools will fail and the system will revert to charter schools who take the state money and might charge a hefty registration fee.  Perhaps they should not be allowed to charge fees if they take state money.

The need for a contingency plan for education is obvious.  I do not fault the educational establishment with their initial lack of planning for an epidemic of long lasting proportions.  A pandemic was inevitable, given modern circumstances, but yet unforeseen by few. 

But now that we know about the pandemic effects given that we had a mild form from an epidemiological point of view.  Not like plagues of the past where all who got it died.  As of now, the educational edifice must produce a contingency plan designed to last, not just stopgap measures waiting for a return to “normal”.  Even if it returns to ‘normal’, we still need contingency plans and some parents may want to continue in the new way.  It is finally time for school reform in teaching modes and community participation. 

No high school should be bereft of experts in any field, due to e participation.  We need lectures by real professionals, backed up by facilitators who interact with the students to reinforce the material or go over it in the shop or lab.  These prerecorded lectures augment online textbooks with exercises, procedures and answers.  And the teachers tutor the students. 

At last, a reason to have small class sizes, something the teachers’ unions must have missed during past negotiations.  Classes convene in nice social distancing mode with way fewer students than before.  I disliked the masses of asses format that resulted in some teachers having 5 classes per day of at least 30 students each.  That’s 150 students per day, 150 papers and exams to grade.  150 students to assist in a 5 hour format.  Nobody skates through that.  It would be nice to seat the students so they could not touch each other, lacking the social rules that control that conduct.  It is known that the lower the student density, the lower the number of disciplinary referrals.  Possibly having online students as well as in person students would be a solution to many behavioral and academic considerations, as well as afford employment.  One teacher may prefer in person instruction but another might leap at the chance to manage online learning programs. 

E learning has advantages in that mastery learning allows students to proceed at their own speed or with a group if desired.  Some function best as part of the academic group and others can comprehend more individually.  The key here is flexibility on the part of the teachers.  I am sure the teachers’ colleges emphasize flexibility in their abilities instead of a chapter a week and a test on Friday.  Some students like that predictability and pace but others may not and the teachers must accommodate the students, not themselves.  Drumming out students who do not fit the mold is a thing of the past.  The punitive attitude sifts while maintaining a system that needs revision. 

 Sports are important and as such should be considered but possibly from a different perspective than now, using the schools to perpetuate them.  I know from experience that ‘ineligibility’ is always a huge issue with students and teachers and administrators who did not want an academically failing student to have success at sports and thus be a role model.  This attitude does not allow the sports talent to shine and the students usually drops out.  Taking sports out of the schools’ control could result in the success of a set of talented students now eliminated by the system.  Our high schools should not be ‘sports farms’ for the predatory promoters at the university level.  It is expensive and the high school events have low community attendance due to the low number of students benefitting. 

Monies spent on sports in the schools could be redirected to the cities and counties for development of a local inclusive sports program that serves the community.  Persons now employed in the sports programs in the public schools could find comparable employment there.   

I will use Tucson as an example of a possible paradigm for sports events in the community without school involvement.  Possibly each Ward could field teams and the Wards play each other, with community attendance and banquet for all teams hosted by the city.  Tryouts come from the community and attendance is free, a subsidized community benefit.  How about adult teams, teen teams and youth teams?  The community already has numerous playing fields at the schools, right there to be used by the communities who paid for them.  Put the sports in the community and make it for everybody, not just the ‘eligible’.   

 

 

 

 

12           Trade Routes

 

 

Who is George Dodwell?  George Dodwell was an Australian astronomer who determined through searching historical records and mathematical calculations that the Earth was hit by a bolide in 2345 BC, which disrupted the Precession and knocked the Earth off the cycle for a few thousand years.   He meticulously documented ancient astronomical observations and came up with a curve of return to normal after the bolide hit, based on that data.  The more recent observations corroborate the curve trajectory lower down and further back in time as a deviation from the predicted precession trajectory. 

Was Mr. Dodwell accurate?  Mr. Dodwell’s manuscript was published in 1935 and has been argued about ever since.  I think he was correct and others have corroborated his findings of a bolide strike through dendrochronology research.   Mr. Dodwell’s manuscript is available online at http://www.setterfield.org/Dodwell_manuscript_1.html   courtesy of his family.  This is a real gem of information and I cannot help but wish such were available to document the Younger Dryas aftermath.  If the Earth was slammed and knocked temporarily out of the predicted orbit and that actually changed the climate, then the humans on the Earth now need to attempt to protect ourselves from another strike. 

The next figure is a copy from the Dodwell Manuscript of the deviation, which looks jolting and sudden at the inception with an initial recovery towards the predicted normal that might not have been fun on the ground.  The Burckle Crater in the Southern Indian Ocean offers a clue:  “Burckle Crater is an undersea feature hypothesized to be an impact crater by the Holocene Impact Working Group. They considered that it likely was formed by a very-large-scale and relatively recent (c. 3000–2800 BCE) comet or meteorite impact event. It is estimated to be about 30 km (18 mi) in diameter,^[1] about 25 times wider than Arizona's Meteor Crater.” Citation 16:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burckle_Crater

The Burkle Crater estimated age matches Mr. Dodwell’s data and that of at least one Dendrochronologist:   “ In 2011 Mike Baillie, the renowned dendrochronologist, had a PowerPoint presentation(d) at the Quantavolution Conference in Athens, which offered tree-ring evidence that clearly demonstrated an 'event' in 2345BC.”  Citation 17:  https://www.sott.net/article/290534-Dodwells-surprising-study-of-the-obliquity-of-the-ecliptic .

Mr. Dodwell wrote that he thought this event created a flood.  I can imagine earthquakes and tsunamis as a result of the impact and a sloshing effect as the effects of the bolide hit petered out.  The tsunami roared up and took out the early Tigris Euphrates civilizations.   Check out this impressive list of flood myths compiled by Wikipedia:   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flood_myths

I think the 2345 BC bolide hit did cause floods, the last of a series of documented floods dating from the end of the Pleistocene.  I hypothesize that the Greenland Hiawatha Crater was the causative agent for the inundation of Atlantis, as it may have hit melt ice that caused a huge flood and volcanic eruption from the sudden pressure of meltwater south of Greenland in the Atlantic Ocean.  Atlantis had almost survived the Younger Dryas when it went under.  The Hiawatha Crater was made by a bolide about the same size as the Burckle Crater in the Indian Ocean, and probably caused just as much damage to the planet. 

So did the Burckle Bolide cause the Dodwell deviation curve from the predicted path of Newcomb’s Precession?   Is Newcomb’s Precession model correct?  I wish we had accurate dates. 

Mr. Dodwell indicated the aberration returned to a normal trajectory in 1850 AD.

When did the current bout of global warming begin?

 Figure 105:  Bolide hit recovery trajectory  http://www.setterfield.org/Dodwell_manuscript_1.html

I included a few of Mr. Dodwell’s sources in the timeline but the original manuscript contains a complete list of sources used.  All are from the Dodwell manuscript.

5000- 4,500 Years Ago                   Indian Ocean Burckle Crater, tsunami, bolide hit? Taurid?

                                                                Before Present

Dodwell Karnak                                  4,345                                25o 09’ 55”  precession aberration observed 

Dodwell Karnak                                     3,570                 24o 32’ 06”

Dodwell Chinese                                  3100                  24o 13’56”

Dodwell Chou Kung                             3100                  23o 54’04”

Dodwell Hindu                                    2,900                 24o 11’04”

Dodwell Ben Maimon                         1174                  23o 31’51”  Cordova

Dodwell Nasar-Al-Din                         1290                 23o 31’40”  Maragha Persia

Melankovich Cycle                                present          23.1 axial tilt and decreasing to 22.1, 11,700 years away

Axial Shift                                                 present          axial tilt accelerates 2.6 cm a year  due Greenland Melt

Was the Earth impacted by a bolide at 2345 BC?  I think so.  There is evidence that a huge flood wiped out the Ubiad Culture about this time, a culture that flourished where Ur grew up later.

A succession of events are probably related rather than random.   

Before Present

6,000                                       Sahara  Verdant but began drying, causal migrations

5,500                                       Sahara Desertified

4,705                                       Atland submerged  Oera Linda, Jutland/Doggerland flooding

5000- 4,500                             Indian Ocean Burckle Crater, tsunami, bolide hit? Taurid?

4345                                                       Dodwell Bolide Hit

4,350                                                     CLIMATE CHANGE  End of Neolithic Wet Phase, severe droughts ensued

4,193                                                     Cymbrian Flood:  Frisians and Finns dispersed, final Doggerland flooding

4,000                                                     End Greenland warm period   End of N. America and Greenland contact

4,000                                                     +Americas End Minoans Mining, ydnaR M 173, mtdna X *

Questions remain.  The drying warming trend began before the bolide hit, so was the bolide hit the cause of the end of the Neolithic Wet Phase or would it have happened anyway, as part of the existing trend?  Were there any real results of this bolide?  Or were the results of it more local, like the tsunami evidence in Australia, the Maldives and Africa?  Maybe the bolides that hit near the equator have a different effect than those that hit close to the poles.  Maybe the ones that hit near the poles are magnetic iron pulled in plus natural momentum.  Blam!  The flood from the Indian Ocean caused by the Burckle Bolide probably did travel up to the Ubiad Culture at the head of the Persian Gulf.   Was this Noah’s flood?  Who knows?  There were a succession of floods….

And the modern isolation of Europe began as the Saragasso Sea burgeoned in the Atlantic and technology was lost in some places and found in others.  The ancient megalith civilizations had perished, leaving behind the Masons and other enclaves of the ancient learning to connect with the long gone past.  We did not have much to go on but a recent UTube presentation of a kid in Russia who found a drilled pendant of mastodon ivory inscribed with runes dated at least 10,000 BP.   The idea of writing, agriculture, husbandry and architecture persisted in legend if not in fact, a thing for the people to strive towards having what they once had as they eked out a hunting gathering existence. 

Who emerged from this tumultuous time? 

3,800     BP                                           Caral  Coastal Regional Center  final abandonment (Chaco Canyon?)

3,700                                                     Bronze Age:  Ugarit, Israel, Mittani, Hittites, Mycenae, Cyprus, Cilecia

3,786                                                     Sothic Cycle

3,700                                                     China  Shang

3,600                                                     Persian Gulf   Strait open and navigable

3,600-3,100                                        Turkey-Troy   Hittite Empire  IndoEuropean Language Ydna R1b1

3,570                                                     Dodwell Karnak  24o 32’ 06”

3,525-3,504                                        Sothic Cycle

3,525     3,647                                    Thera Eruption   Destruction of Minoans

3500                                                       Olmec: S. Mexico  1500 BC to 400 BC

3,447                                                     Shekinah   A Deluge

3,341                                                     King Tutankamen Egypt   R1b1a2 haplotype well established

3,200                                                     Rise of Celts  Urnfield Culture central Europe YDNA R1b

3,200                                                     End of Bronze Age Europe     Drought Hatti, Wars, migrations, raiding, drop in trade

Who built pyramids out of the emergent cultures?    Caral, Ugarit, Olmec, Egypt, SE Asia, Azores, Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Teotihuacan, Chinese, Ethiopia, Bosnia, Moundbuilders…

Who built on the basis of megaliths?  Mycenae, Greece, Rome, Troy, Inca, Aztec, Maya, Olmec, Egypt, SE Asia….

Pyramids, handbags, huge snakes, huge cats….in common in many ancient civilizations.  Why? 

I am obsessed with the ‘handbags’ found in so many ancient depictions and some reading of other ideas produced a realization that sometimes the handbags are associated with opium poppy representations, something I had already read about the Minoans also.  Here’s a scientific drawing of the poppy plant:

 

 

 Figure 106:  Poppy  https://www.goldenpoppyherbs.com/blog/poppy-materia-medica/

 

So here is another handbag and I think it may have been a symbol of medicine.  I see depictions of the Eagle headed guy in Sumerian art bringing medications and the rosette it wears on his arm looks just like the one on the Phaistos Disc.  Maybe the rosette represented medicines seized or paid in tribute to the Sea Peoples. 

 Figure 106:  Poppy  https://www.goldenpoppyherbs.com/blog/poppy-materia-medica/

Are those poppies on the Sumerian bag?

 

 Figure 107:  Sumerian Doctor?  https://taicarmen.wordpress.com/2011/07/25/ancient-aliens-and-the-heavenly-war/

This man appears to be holding poppies.  Sumerian

 

Could this guy fly while holding a Pine cone?   Was Pine a trade item?  Pine is a medicine and pitch is a waterproofer….

Figure 108:  Pine Cone?  https://www.ufoinsight.com/anunnaki-real-life-ancient-alien-gods/

 

Sumerian poppies, bags and pine cones.  Were these people healers and traders in medicines?  I bet they were and the Minoans and Phoenicians traveled selling and looking for new medicines. 

The next figure shows a script across the top that looks like Shang script to me.  Does it look like Cuneiform or Egyptian Hieroglyphics?

 Figure 109:  Poppies and bags and writing  http://www.theunexplainedvault.com/the-annunaki/ancient-aliens/

 

Figure 110:  Saffron https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:860808-Saffronfarm-01-IMG_7707-2.jpg

So the Minoans traded in poppies and saffron, both potent medicines.  From gazing at Minoan art, I saw a variety of human skin color and I did notice that the various colored humans wore similar clothing, which indicates equality.  The Mediterranean area is still multicultural and the word ‘race’ is becoming a gradually blending everywhere twain met.  So ‘race’ is actually a fallacy.  Nobody talks about dog ‘races’ but they do talk about variation in dogs.  Cultural variation is much wider than biological variation and cultural variation is what is causing wars today and yesterday.  The eruption of Thera wiped out the cultural center of the Minoans, but their culture lived on in the Mycenae and the Greeks.  Ancestral DNA ties to Greece welcomed refugees from the explosion, I believe.  And thus the culture survived and merged with the local, producing a new foray into the Mediterranean to compete with the Phoenicians. 

Where did the Poppy come from?  It was surely spread in the Mediterranean by the Minoans, Sumerians and Phoenicians and others once they realized what it was.  

An estimate of when the posited mining  by the Phoenicians/ Minoans in the Americas ended due to cold conditions was at 4000 BP and the Thera eruption occurred somewhere  between 3525 and 3647 BP, a  500 year cushion of activity in the Mediterranean and adjacent coasts, if the estimate is correct.

 

Figure 111:  Lilies    https://minoanatlantis.com/Fine_Art_Gallery.php

 

I ran across what appears to be lilies on this design and after seeing the poppies and saffron, I looked up the lily plant for medicinal uses and I found that it has many important uses: 

Regulating heart rate

Dilate arteries

Treating burns and scar tissue

Weak contractions in childbirth

Laxative and diuretic

Ulcers and inflammations.   

Citation 18:   https://www.home-remedies-for-you.com/herbs/lily-flower.html

Did the Minoans trade in medicines?  It looks like it.  Were people glad to see them?  I bet they were welcoming traders.  No telling who was hurt by the Thera Eruption and the disruption in trade. 

Figure 111:  Lilies    https://minoanatlantis.com/Fine_Art_Gallery.php

A nicely dressed young woman is gathering saffron.  Where did they get these fabrics she is wearing?

Figure 112:  Woman gathering saffron  https://www.minoanatlantis.com/pix/Minoan_Spring_Fresco_Art_Akrotiri.jpg

 

Figure 113:   Was this a treatment room? https://www.minoanatlantis.com/pix/Minoan_Spring_Fresco_Art_Akrotiri.jpg

Saffron treats:  Asthma, cough, sore throat, whooping cough, expectorant, insomnia, cancer, atherosclerosis, vomiting, depression, memory, Alzheimer’s, birthpain, heartburn, exercise, psoriasis, dry skin, menstrual cramps, PMS, premature ejaculation, infertility, aphrodisiac, baldness, and as a spice in food.

Citation 19:  Saffron   https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-844/saffron

 

So the Minoans were traders in important lucrative goods and they perished in a volcanic eruption.  And meanwhile in South America, the ancient city of Caral was rebuilding for the last time before a final abandonment.  Caral was ancient, according to Mario Buildreps.   So Caral had pyramids the same time the Minoans were trading around the Mediterranean.  I think there was a trading network from Caral Supe all the way north from Peru to North America, hugging the waterways.

Caral Supe Pyramids

Figure 114:  Caral Supe Peru  https://www.goshen.edu/peru/2014/06/02/americas-oldest-civilization/#&gid=1&pid=1

 

This looks like Teotihuacan in Mexico.  And it also looks like the Moundbuilders in middle North America.  I think we are seeing the remnants of a civilization that thrived before the Bolling Allerod, a civilization that took in the entire world not glaciated and a civilization that actually survived the cataclysms at the end of the Pleistocene.  This civilization then existed in fragmented form and immediately began diverging in behavior from the mother civilization, which had become unsustainable.  As in todays’ world, there were probably several variations in existence already, but were in communication, like China and the USA today, different but talking and visiting. 

This ancient worldwide communication system among divergent groups existed way back in the sands of time, as exhibited by the proliferation of pyramids across the globe.  The Reign of the Gods began about 38,000 years ago in Egyptian history and I think this gives us a timeframe for the proliferation of the pyramid idea.  I think the Reign of the Gods was the civilization that survived the Eemian downfall into the Pleistocene and grew to prominence again.  There are myths of a northland civilization and the only time since the present that glaciation receded enough for a civilization was during the Eemian and maybe produced the Hyperboreans the Greeks had heard about.  The hiding in caves, fleeing the ice and migrating south came during the Pleistocene where only very limited refugios were available in Europe and Asia.  In North America, everything moved South to escape the ice and cold.  The pyramid cultures were a Pleistocene phenomenon, the remains of the Reign of the Gods who themselves were the remains of a prior high northland culture, and if some speculators are correct, there were other long ago civilizations as well, just like now with hunter gatherers and air travelers existing on the same planet among the same species.  Was Caral Supe an outpost of a survival civilization and a colony originating in Eurasia?   Did refugees from Caral Supe create Chaco Canyon, New Mexico USA?  Caral and Chaco look alike.

Figure 115:  Caral Super  https://xissufotoday.space/2016/03/the-sacred-city-of-caral-supe/

 

 

This is not a coincidence.  I looked on a map and the connection was probably by sea up and down the west coast of the Americas, probably traveling up the Sea of Cortez to the Colorado River.  The Colorado River is famous for the very large stature of the Mojave and the Seris living on the coast of Tiburon and the mainland.  The Piutes have legends of very large red haired giants they had to kill in order to survive because these giants were stealing their children.  Did the giants build Chaco?  Did the red headed giants build Caral?   Who knows?  Academia does not know.

 

So are the Chaco Canyon ruins related to Caral?  It looks like it to me.  Which was first? 

Figure 116:  Chaco Canyon https://wark.photoshelter.com/image/I00002GsKgjo9xuc

 

Next is a photo of Saksayhuaman in Peru.  I think later peoples built upon Megalith ruins far older but the building model used resembles Chaco and Caral, indicating a long ago far reaching civilization that flourished after the Megaliths and before the precursors to the Inca. 

 Figure 117:  Saksayhuaman Infill   https://i.ytimg.com/vi/MBC0up0Cv1M/maxresdefault.jpg

 

 

I think that Caral Supe, Chaco and the newer ruins of Saksayhuaman were related. 

The next photo was described as a goddess in the middle and a blond male and a red headed female.  The goddess is a freckle faced redhead.  These were found at Caral Supe and are an indicator of a look differing from current norms.  The Paracas were also shown to be red haired and the early Spanish reported tall red and blond haired aristocrats in Peru.  Tall red and blonde haired people were also reported across the South Seas by early European explorers.  The Tocharians of central Asia were tall red and blonde haired people.  The goddess in the middle looks tall, which is a common descriptor of these ancient red and blonde haired people.  They were tall.  Check out Brian Forster’s description of the DNA analysis of Paracas for more information. 

 

Figure 118:   Caral Supe Figurines  https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/ancient-caral-civilisation-3800-year-old-statuettes-priestess-politicians-discovered-peru-1505386

 

Figure 119:  Chaco http://keenssandals.blogspot.com/2014/12/chacos-sandals-tulsa.html

Chaco Canyon in the photo above shows ‘kivas’ or round rooms, which have been said to be ceremonial meeting rooms, common rooms or even storage areas.  Caral Supe has pyramids but none have been reported at Chaco but I wonder if anyone every looked for them.  The pyramids at Caral used to be considered natural formations but archaeologists found they were pyramids. 

Mario Buildreps has calculated that the Caral site was occupied by 410,000 years ago, detected again by 330,000 years ago and into the relatively modern era.   Huaca del Sol in Peru was also one of the early ones also. 

Even conventional academics admit that Caral Supe is one of the older sites in the northern hemisphere.  Was it the progenitor of the later Teotihuacan which then rose to prominence by conquering the Mayans?  Did the Teotihuacan style pyramid spread from Caral Supe, north to Teotihuacan and on to the Moundbuilders?

 

 Figure 120:  Caral in ruins   http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/caral/Caral_68.JPG

 

 

Teotihuacan  Pyramid of the Moon partly reconstructed

 Figure 212:  Teotihuacan    https://fromalaskatobrazil.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/pyramid-of-the-moon.jpg

 

 

Teotihuacan is a beautiful structure and the avenue is magnificent.

 

Moundbuilders   Ohio Valley

 Figure 122:   Ohio Valley Moundbuilders  https://sbg-sword-forum.forums.net/thread/40377/most-underrated-unknown-historical-nation

Did the pyramid civilizations spread from South to North, like Mr. Buildreps posits?  When did this pyramid form spread overland?  Was the Chaco Canyon/Caral Supe pattern in conjunction with the pyramids or was it later or earlier?  I think that there was contact between South America and middle North America up the Rio Grande, up the Mississippi River and up the Colorado River through the Sea of Cortez.  These routes ran both ways and were of ancient origin.  The Spanish wrote of boats laden with trade goods roaming the Caribbean and the coasts before they took over the lucrative trade.