5              Pleistocene  118,000-18,000 years ago

Melancovich Cycle Maximum axis tilt was at 24.5 degrees by 92,000 years ago, well into the glacial age so by the data the ice deepened as the earth reached the maximum axis tilt.  As we are heading for the minimum tilt, how does this affect us today?  This settled into the present day pole configuration Pole I, as to Mr. Buildreps math. 

I have another date for the beginning of the glacial at 100,000 years ago, complete with rapid cooling in the North, a sea level drop and a warm South.  Can you imagine the population death and displacement as the territories froze over?  Yeow!  Did the crust crawl northward during that time as the weight of the ice settled in?  It’s entirely possible. 

I need to talk about our dating systems and the possibility of error.  I believe that Carbon 14 dating is influenced by human activity with radioactive materials and that in the distant past, there may have been other episodes of unusual radioactivity human caused or a hairy bolide of some radioactive kind.  And C14 data only figures to 50,000 years ago. 

I’m not an expert on dating but I’ve read enough science fiction to know that one must suspend beliefs and just seek credibility in another way.  I found a source that put Stonehenge at 50,000 years old, which is possible because it would have been at the glacial edge during the Pleistocene.  I think that’s why it was there, close to where the glacier ended, an important marker.  Some scholars think Stonehenge is aligned with other structures in Europe also.  But conventional dating has Stonehenge constructed around +5000 bp.  Dating an ancient structure by pottery dug up around it is not logical.

I’m not denigrating archaeologists who painstakingly document layers and date them using artifacts, which is legitimate work, important work.  And the geologists who uncovered the iridium black mat layer defining the beginning of the Younger Dryas, finding it in the USA and Europe and finding the end of Clovis defined by the layer were heroes.  What a find!  If a comet hit really caused the Younger Dryas, should we be looking for the next one?  There are lessons here and in the myths that warn of the Destroyer, and how it made several deadly passes at the earth before falling.   Legend coincides with scientific findings. 

I just don’t think our history began as soon ago as some would have it, mostly out of lack of data rather than clinging to dogma.  We are waking up with the help of the Internet and increased communications God what a gift to the scholar.  I do believe that the current form of human populating the Earth at the present time has documented their recent ascendency.  Now an analysis to what data there is must go beyond those few 10,000 years quoted by scholars from the past operating with limited data.  No offense intended. 

So by the beginning of the Pleistocene, human cultures probably ranged from hunter gatherers, to sedentary occupants farming and trading, and possibly technological societies developing in the Southern climates, an opportunity and a necessity for some to migrate.  Did they fight over the desirable southern territories?  The ancient Sanscrit writings of India document a war, complete with aerial warfare and bombs and how one fled to far away Eastern territories to live to get away from the war in his homeland.  Was that Viracocha?  Viracocha was the God who flew into South America and taught the desperate locals agriculture, metallurgy, weaving and other skills.  Were these related to the Paracas, who apparently migrated from the Middle East to India to the coast of Peru? 

That was the Pleistocene, the time of shallow southern seas, huge mammals in North America and a time of relentless cold in the North of the world, a time of hiding from the cold, according to the Zunis, they hid underground to survive the cold.  What was Derinkuyu in Turkey?  A fantastic underground city complete with air and sanitation and water sources for thousands. 

I think the megaliths of South America were built in the Pleistocene by a culture that bloomed there many thousands of years ago.  The Inca claimed no knowledge of the megaliths but they built their buildings on megalith ruins and worshipped in megalith buildings and worshiped Viracocha who brought them culture and then left, not a tyrant but as a teacher. 

And what about Easter Island or Rapa Nui?  Architecture on Rapa Nui matches that of Peru, showing an ancient connection.  The base of the pyramid at Giza also looks like architecture found in South America.   This was a worldwide culture based on a previous culture that crashed.  This is pure speculation, some would say. 

It seems that every glacial is an admixture opportunity, as flora and fauna migrate south, forcing spatial mingling and enriching the gene pool in some cases, isolation produces possibly genetically inviable combinations, weak offspring or phenotypic abnormalities.  There has been much written about Neanderthals and low gene variability, which may have affected their adaptability, which is judged by the Mousterian complex that lasted hundreds of thousands of years, at least according to the information still left after the Pleistocene.  The Mousterian was what was left AFTER THE LAST ICE AGE, not necessarily all that ever was.  The timespans are huge. 

Some researchers say the Neanderthals ‘died out’ during the Pleistocene, but the Book of Enoch says the twain met and that the lesser numbered population would come to pervade the greater numbered population, which has come true through repeated admixture, as the new female hybrids were strong and their children survived and other lineages did not.  This has to be disease related, that the lesser population carried a disease that killed the other population, but carried the preventative immune system genes necessary to fight it.  The new hybrid females were superior in survival rate to either of the founding populations, so they went forth and multiplied.  An ancient myth come true. 

According to geneticists the San in Southern Africa began a gene exchange with the rest of Africa about 70,000 years ago, after a period of isolation.  The San have high genetic variability in skin color and in the epicanthic eye fold.  The French are closer genetically to the San than are the Han Chinese, which makes sense.  The seacoast is an ancient trade and invasion route and early settlements that appeared to be of African origin are reported in ancient Britain.  The click languages spoken by the San and a few other tribes in Africa, are also found on an island off the north coast of Australia during secret ceremonies only, while the regular language is Austronesian, an overlay.   I don’t know why, but the possibility of sea travel from ancient Africa to all points in the world is not considered, like what about the shallow Ice Age southern seas from southern Africa to South America, across to the Western Pacific and India to Arabia and overland across lush gardens watered by the looming glaciers to the North.   Travel went both ways and the ancient civilizations spread the idea of pyramids, agriculture, husbandry and massive constructions.  The ancient irrigation system of South Africa indicates an ancient civilization in Africa, one that probably crossed the oceans in any direction they desired.  A civilization like our own, created by those who were our ancestors who still live within us, like the Neanderthal, but not yet defined.   Evidence suggests that the cultivation of millet was taking place in China by 115,000 years ago.  The idea of agriculture is hugely old and the story that we once could reap grain we planted would not die, no matter what the cataclysm.  

So our direct ancestors are related to the San and these were a wave of migration heading out over the lowering seas, meeting up with Neanderthals and Denisovans and hybrids and other archaic sapiens like Erectus and probably a few others we don’t know about, like the gene pool of the gods who had a prior civilization and who still held sway during the Pleistocene.  What about the tall red headed people who spread out over the South Seas, who rapidly died off when introduced to European diseases, but were royalty still in ancient South America?   Were these the same European lineages as Paracas?  Elongated skulls are found in Paracas, Malta, Egypt and Caspian Sea area.  Some researchers swear that these skulls are natural elongated skulls with a larger cubic centimeter measurement than ‘normal’ skulls.  Some of these skulls have weird variations in the skull suture pattern, having a different pattern of sutures plus a different vessel egress system to the brain.  I thought a lot about this scientific observation and have often wished that the Malta skulls were available for modern testing.  What if these skullls were the result of genetic engineering?  What if these people long ago learned what we are learning now about genetic engineering but they applied it to themselves attempting to raise brain capacity and intelligence?  There is variation in skulls, and what if this ancient culture was defined by genetic engineering?  What if these red headed people genetically engineered for intelligence, but their heritage was weak unless hybridized?  I read the red heads were hunted down and killed by the more numerous inhabitants, who wanted to rule in South America.   These ancient red heads turn up in small population numbers like a restricted breeding pool, but often in positions of power and prestige, with a documented presence in Polynesia. 

I am not ignoring the ‘Out of Africa’ idea, but I do believe that a variety of sapiens left Africa some 70,000 years ago and that this variety propagated and survived a Toba erection caused population bottleneck in southeast Asia and became successful later.  I don’t doubt this, but I do not believe this migration event was unusual but that the gene flow has been a continuum, rather than an event.  Low sea levels encouraged migration in the southern hemisphere.   Migration routes were many and several can be predicted.

Now I come to the topic of giants. 

Legends persist of giants who ruled the Earth in the distant past, giants who bred with human women who produced viable offspring, telling me that these ‘giants’ were probably members of a technological culture who arrived from somewhere else on the Earth to rule the natives and that the size differential was not great enough to prevent successful births.  Natural human variation ranges from two feet tall to nine feet tall in the world today with a distribution that is actually worldwide.   Apparently, humans carry with them a wide range of genetic possibilities concerning height.  In my own family, height varies from about four feet ten inches to six feet six inches within different branches of the same generation.   The Tutsi are considered to be the tallest group in Africa, with an average height of about six feet.  The Dutch are the tallest in Europe, with an average of six feet one inch.  So would a population of people with an average height of five feet five think an eight footer was a giant?  Probably.

Gigantic ancient stone tools have been found, some extremely archaic in Africa a million years old or more.  This suggests that the size variation thing is of ancient origin.  I saw a fantastic exhibition of Clovis tools at the Anthropology meet in Santa Fe.  This exhibition had huge stone tools, as well as those of conventional size.   Clovis skeletons are nonexistent, probably because they practiced disposal of the dead in the open air by burning or weathering, leaving little to find in the way of genetic evidence.  Were the Clovis people large people?   Ice Age Humans?   Recent finds in Texas dating from 16,000 bp indicate a pre Clovis lithic technology, indicating local development of the Clovis Culture.  The Anzic Child is another link in the evidence chain.  The Anzic Child specimen was buried with many Clovis artifacts: 

“Paleogenetic findings

A team of researchers throughout the United States and Europe conducted paleogenetic research on the Anzick-1 skeletal remains. They sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the full nuclear DNA, and the Y-chromosome, and compared these sequences to those of modern populations throughout the world.^[1] The results of these analyses allowed the researchers to make conclusions about ancient migration patterns and the peopling of the Americas.

These analyses revealed that the individual was closely related to Native Americans in Central and South America, instead of being closely related to the people of the Canadian Arctic, as had previously been thought likely. (The Inuit are distinct from Native Americans to the south, including in lower North America and Central and South America.) The infant was also related to persons from Siberia and Central Asia, believed to be the ancestral population of indigenous peoples in the Americas.” 

Citation 3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anzick-1

This is a usual interpretation of data observed, that the specimens in Siberia most certainly resulted from them being the parent group.  Possibly Mr. Buildreps was correct when he speculated that high civilization spread from South America to the north and through sea travel, if YDNA Q distribution pattern is used as an indicator of past activity. 

Figure 8:  Map of YDNA Q   https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10904820      

 

So which way did the gene spread take place?  From South America or to South America? 

Look at the pattern of establishment of YDNA C, which looks like it spread from Asia to North America.  

“Haplogroup C-M217 is the only variety of Haplogroup C-M130 to be found among Native Americans, among whom it reaches its highest frequency in Na-Dené populations.” (Wikipedia)  The Dene preceded the Aleutes by thousands of years, evidence being found in Alaska of very early Dene occupancy, that did not die out as conditions became worse during the glacial:  they migrated south.  “Two 2015 autosomal DNA genetic studies confirmed the Siberian origins of the Natives of the Americas. However an ancient signal of shared ancestry with Australasians (Natives of Australia, Melanesia and the Andaman Islands) was detected among the Natives of the Amazon region. The migration coming out of Siberia would have happened 23,000 years ago.^[75][76][77] (Wikipedia)

Since the depth of the last Ice Age occurred about 22,000 years ago, it is highly likely that sea travel over the Pacific Ocean would have brought the Australasians cruising the world, possibly even from the Africa to South America route, populating Amazonia with ancient tree horticulturalists and the makers of giant waffle gardens.  A prior migration of Australasians during the Eemian or the subsequent ice age could have exploded from colonies at this time, like the Polynesian Tlingit connection.  The Atlantic also had more islands than now, including Atlantis Islands, and the ancient sea routes existed then.  I saw Mayan artifacts in Mexico and it was obvious that contact with Africa had been made but the painted figures looked nothing like the Olmec heads.  An ancient Mayan legends says disease and death comes from the East as does Hurricane.  The Olmecs were earlier than the Mayans, have their beginnings on the east coast of Mexico and were a pervasive underpinning for later cultures.   Were they part of the Austronesian migration?  Amazonia probably was.  YDNA C does not reach Amazonia, which indicates a later disbursal or intense competition from an existing population.   The Dene are a beautiful people who have been in the Americas far longer than some say.  Were they seafaring?  Or was there low seas and a coastal plain?

Figure 9:  YDNA C   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_C-M217

YDNA C overlaps Clovis areas and borders Moundbuilder territories and covers the Pueblo territories, who were raided by the Apaches and Navajos. 

It is interesting that the Mound Builders territories fit with the Clovis artifact finds, but are apparently separated by dates.  Were the Clovis regressed populations from the Mound Builders?  Or were Clovis before the Mound Builders?  Clovis culture and toolmaking and big game hunting died out during the Younger Dryas.  Early accounts show the presence of giants in the form of extremely tall skeletons retrieved from Mounds…this evidence occurs often enough that I am convinced that the Mound Builder population contained many very tall individuals, as well as shorter specimens.  The Mounds are generally accepted to have been occupied after the end of the Pleistocene but I’m not too sure about that.   I think the Mound Builder civilizations, the Hopewell and Adena, are related to the Mesoamerican civilizations but were heavily influenced by the henge builders in Europe, who settled in eastern North America and built dolmens and henges, some of which are still visible today.  Vikings were later visitors.

The following maps show spatial relationships among the Moundbuilder sites, the Paleoindian Point Distribution, and the incidence of YDNA R. 

 

 

Figure 10:  Paleoindian Distribution  https://feet2thefire.wordpress.com/2014/05/10/mapping-clovis-man-vs-mammoths-just-asking/

Figure 11:  Moundbuilders in Relation to Olmec   https://sbg-sword-forum.forums.net/thread/40377/most-underrated-unknown-historical-nation

The previous data is in error as to the size of the Olmec Civilization, which had a sphere of influence through Central America and Teotihuacan and Mata Ortiz in Mexico, easily rivaling the size of the Moundbuilders. 

The spread of YDNA R shows genetic connections among the continents, with the obvious heavy concentrations in Western Europe and Northern North America.  Solutreans, Phoenicians and French traders are said to be sources, but who knows.  Maybe a refinement of genetic analysis will reveal more data about this. 

Figure 12:  YDNA R Distribution   http://www.geocurrents.info/place/russia-ukraine-and-caucasus/siberia/siberian-genetics-native-americans-and-the-altai-connection

 

It looks like the R1 YDNA haplotype spread via the coasts since the Pleistocene, having inhabited areas previously covered in ice.  When did this occur?    Chances are that populations of R were already in place during the glaciation, and just expanded rapidly into new territory.  It looks like R came in through Hudson Bay or left Hudson Bay for Europe?  Hudson Bay was glaciated, but was no doubt populated immediately after the end of the Pleistocene.   The Solutrian theory is that they came from Europe some 22,000 years ago and assisted in the beginnings of the Clovis Culture.  The appearance of YDNA R roughly coincides, but I think that a later migration from Europe seeking metal mines may be the source of some of the R1 in the Americas.  French traders?  Phoenicians?  Celts?  Vikings?  They all carry R.  If the Solutrians brought R, they must have traveled by sea along the edge of the glacier, then spread out after the melt.  It’s possible.  I think the dolmens and henges in North America may predate Clovis.

Let’s take a look at the female MTDNA haplotype data to further our understanding of the past migration influence areas.   B006 is the most ancient type I found.   The extreme antiquity suggests an admixture event that produced an extremely strong female line, one that is associated with YDNA C, according to the distribution maps.    The oddity I notice is the absence of B006 in the Mojave/Chihuahuan Deserts and the Southeastern coast of South America.  One thing I can say is that both of those areas had resident ‘giants’ as evidenced by European explorers’ accounts and skeletal remains on Catalina Islands and the really tall Mojave and Seri Native Americans that still live there today.   Amazonia may have been populated with different groups before B006 arrived, from the early migration of the dark skinned seafarers who probably circumnavigated and colonized the globe.  B006 traveled with the Dene, but why is it found in India, the Mohenjo Daro area?  Was it more important at an earlier time, but was subliminated by later cultures in Eurasia while ascending in the Americas?   Did it radiate from the Northwest Coast?

Figure 13:   B006 Haplotype  http://www.britam.org/Questions/mtDNA.html

MTDNA B  appears on the west coasts of North and South America, operating in conjunction of MTDNA A.  Since MTDNA B does not appear north of Kamchatka and appears way south of Vancouver Island in the chart, this is an indicator of a different source of B in the Americas.  Brian Foerster has paid to have the Paracas long skulls DNA tested and the results came out with three MTDNA haplotypes:  B, U, and H.  B is very common in China and Southeast Asia and Polynesia.  The presence of B indicates either B was already in South America, or that the Traveling European haplotypes U and H invited them to join them in their sojourn from the Caucasus/Levant to the Coast of South America.  India also has traces of their passing.  Maybe the intaglios were signals of their whereabouts in case anybody flew over.  

The Ojolone Indians of North America carry MTDNA B, and the facial tattooing among some of the coastal groups and inland in the grand deserts of the interior resembles that of the Maori.  The Olive Oatman kidnapping and tattooing is an example of cultural transfer and an obvious connection to ancient Polynesia.    See Olive Oatman and a young Maori woman.   Mojave women were tattooed in the same way.    

 Figure 14:  Olive Oatman  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_Oatman

                 

  Figure 15:  Last of the Maori Moko Tattoos   https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4696128/Portraits-traditionally-inked-Maori-women.html

 

 

Another connection to the South Seas rather than Beringia is the custom of wearing ear plugs.  I know this is a common custom worldwide but the similarities are interesting.  Vietnamese and Equadorian earplugs are similar and it occurs to me that an ancient connection via MTDNA B shines through along with chickens and sweet potatoes as indicators of ancient sea faring connections all over the Pacific Rim. 

MTDNA A traveled with MTDNA B. 

MTDNA B is thick in South America probably as a result of a Pacific Migration from Southeast Asia as well as prevalent in the Aleuts and Asian Pacific Rim populations and the Polynesians. 

Search for MTDNA online for maps.

”Haplogroup A2 is the most common haplogroup among the Inuit, Na-Dene, and many Amerind ethnic groups of North and Central America. Lineages belonging to haplogroup A2 also comprise the majority of the mtDNA pool of the Inuit and their neighbors, the Chukchis, in northeasternmost Siberia.”       ^{Citation 4:  MTDNA A:  Wikipedia}  

MTDNA A is common in Siberia, Alaska and other parts of North America, indicating a Beringia crossing, probably in conjunction with YDNA C. 

MTDNA D looks like she traveled with MTDNA A and YDNA C to the promised land or did she migrate from North America to Siberia?  And then in South America, MTDNA D may have come from China, where she is very common.  Was this a later infusion of D than the Beringia D?  Probably.  The Paracas migration to South America probably occurred after the Beringia accessability ended. 

The distribution of YDNA haplogroups worldwide shows the relationships between the male and female haplogroups if you compare two maps.  Search for YDNA online for maps.  The Americas has three major indigenous YDNA haplogroups:  Q, C, and R.  YDNA Q is found in Siberia but is so pervasive in the Americas I cannot help but wonder if there had been a die off in the Americas that left space for YDNA Q, which is related to the YDNA R so pervasive in Eurasia.  YDNA C is very early and probably was part of the Pacific Rim civilization I posit before the Holocene, as he is found all around the rim and the body style matches along with the big hair.  What riches of history have we lost? 

The incidence of YDNA R in North America is not always documented but the R in the Americas was an archaic form that either is related to Asia or to the R in the Americas, which postdates it.   When were all these ‘in place’?  Never.  These are constantly shifting and only show the native Americans, not all Americans in place now.  But these haplogroups came into existence during the Ice Age, as derived from the survivors of the crash of the Eemian.  Which groups were in existence at the beginning of the Pleistocene?  How many shadow populations do we modern humans carry?  I think we are the latest successful pastiche and that the actual survivors of the crash of the Eemian are within us, but no longer intact as a phenotype, rather like the Neanderthals.   

My timeline has a slew of events at about 70,000 before present, which was about the time of some catastrophic events on the Earth, Like the Toba Eruption, that blanketed some parts of east Africa and India with ash from an explosion in Sumatra.  Some researchers think this eruption caused a cooling event on the Earth, ecological destruction and reduced the number of sapiens living.  I think the further away from Toba anyone was, the better for them and that the effects became negligible far from Sumatra.  This Toba eruption was the strongest eruption in 25,000,000 years, according to geologists.

A weird coincidence with this hairy volcanic eruption at Toba is a flyby by Scholtz’s Star, a runaway star that passed by our solar system at about .8 light years from the sun, inside the Oort Cloud.  It is long gone now, but I can’t help but wonder if some gravitational or magnetic thing caused Toba.  It’s just odd that this thing cruised by.  What else is out there? 

India was populated by sapiens by then, both before and after Toba.  How long had humans been in India?  Erectus has been in Asia for at least  1.5 million years.   MTDNA N, a macro group that spunoff MTDNA M and R, is said to have appeared at about 70,000 years ago and the point of origin is disputed, between India and Africa. 

HAPLOGROUPS PREEMINENT DURING THE PLEISTOCENE

Present day Homo Sapiens haplogroups seem to have come into being after the end of the Eemian and I thank a not remembered source that suggested that if there were a population crash, the survivors would be the hunter gatherers, the survivalists, tribes that know how to live off the land in their areas.  The majority of our present population is incapable of ‘living off the land’.  In the desert area where I live, the ‘land’ would only support a small group in hundreds of square miles, while now millions live there on supplies brought in.  Natural water would be the determiner of large mammalian populations and battles for control of supplies would determine ultimate survivorship.   I can’t comprehend the scope of the dieoff. 

The worldwide culture of the Eemian crashed as the planet cooled into the Pleistocene, a massive ice sheet crushing evidence to the North.  The coastal plains turned into continent sized land masses as the ocean level dropped, prompting the growth of new civilizations in the warm lowlands of the world, while sapiens/Neanderthal huddled in refugia further north, busted back to the stone age.  Maybe some fled south to a hot reception.     

So who survived the Eemian crash, besides Neanderthals, archaic sapiens, Denisovans, Heidelberensis, flores, erectus, (MTDNA) L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6?  Who else?  So 7/10 of the way through the Pleistocene, those sentient variations on a theme were in existence.  No wonder we have myths of gnomes and giants and ancient civilizations.  They actually existed.  I’m just trying to establish maybe when according to climatological and genetic data.  The Pleistocene produced giant mammals, why not a very large sapiens admixture?  Erectus has a large form they may have passed on to modern humans.  Denisovans may have been tall and large.   Mr. Paabo, please sequence an Erectus!  That man is a genius.  But I digress.  What if a Denisovan/Erectus hybrid built an ancient civilization that ruled the world, but time and glaciations and geologic change have erased most of the evidence.  Were they the giants who bred with smaller humans?

Shovel shaped incisors are another clue to our variation:  “The shovel-shaped dental characteristic can also be traced back to Homo erectus and in Neanderthals.^[1] The morphology of Neanderthal's anterior teeth has been seen as an adaptation to the heavy use of their canines and incisors in processing and chewing food, and the use of their teeth for activities other than feeding.^[5]  (Wikipedia)

The populations that carry this characteristic are: 

“Shovel-shaped incisors are relatively common in Central, East and Southeast Asians; the Eskimo and Aleut peoples of Northeast Asian and North America (including but not limited to the Inuit peoples of eastern Alaska, arctic Canada and Greenland); and Aboriginal North and South Americans.^[1][2][3] In Europeans and Africans, shovel-shaped upper incisors are uncommon or not present.^[1] In some instances, incisors can present a more pronounced version of this called double shovel-shaped. The differences observed in tooth morphology is believed to be partly determined by genetics.^[4] When present, shovel-shaped incisors can indicate correlation among populations and are considered to be one of the non-metrical traits in osteology. The characteristic could also be attributed to hormones, duration of development, and the capacity of the maxillary dental arch.”

Citation 5:  (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shovel-shaped_incisors

 

I know there were more than 12 forms of sapiens during the Pleistocene….how to recognize them is the key.  The whole genome study may reveal snippits from the variations of homo that can be extrapolated.  So much more to learn. 

So if YDNA R1 is totally absent from some Americas tribes, that could mean they were there when R1 arrived?  Cultural breeding prohibitions will not prevent gene flow and the native American proclivity of obtaining women captive from other lineages would spread the gene wider than it appeared to be.   YDNA R is found in the To’hono’ in Southern Arizona, who have had extensive interface with the Spanish, who carry YDNA R. 

MTDNA X is an interesting case of interactions.  It could have been brought into North America by ancient connections to Europe and the Solutrean Complex, as evidenced by a find in the southeast USA or it could have been brought in with the Phoenician traders who are said to have traded and mined copper during the Chalcolithic in Europe.  Or she could have accompanied Vikings or even Knights Templars or the Celts.  Or did she come in with the French Traders? 

The next map shows a more complete view of MTDNA X and the pattern looks like it could have gone either way and probably did in a healthy gene flow between North America and Europe.  So did an ancient North American culture influence the Mediterranean civilizations?  Or was it Viking blood that colonized?  The R1 found in Native Americans is an old form, so possibly an older infusion overlaid with newer ones is the probable truth.   

 

Figure 16:  MTDNA X  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_X_(mtDNA)  Maulucioni

I would say that all contacts did happen as evidenced by dolmens and other structures related to those found in Eurasia.

  Is this a lion head?  Figure 17:  New England USA  http://historum.com/speculative-history/123064-do-you-think-builders-new-england-megaliths-migrated-europe.html

 

 

Figure 18:  Dolmens in New England   http://historum.com/speculative-history/123064-do-you-think-builders-new-england-megaliths-migrated-europe.html

 

So are we looking at the remnants of an ancient empire?  What ancient structures do these areas have in common?  Mounds.  Henges.  Dolmens.  Gobekli Tepe in Turkey is within this sphere.  So is Malta.  YDNA R roughly covers the same area as MTDNA X, in addition to much more territory in different areas.  YDNA R is known for commandeering the local women after a conquest, while killing off as many of the local males as possible, kind of like a wolf pack.   MTDNA X traveled with YDNA R.  MTDNA X and A are offshoots of the same macrogroup.

Figure 18:  Browne’s Hill Dolmen Ireland   http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/irelandbrowneshill.html

 

Figure 19:  Dolmen France de Boussac in Pyrenees   http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/irelandbrowneshill.htm

 

 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Taewangkorea  By Taewangkorea - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=80956804

To be fair, dolmens are found in Korea and India also, which is some distance from the New England and Canadian sites for dolmens.  They appear to be concentrated in the north eastern USA, but may not be.

Next are two haplogroup trees, one for males and one for females.  I do believe that these are the haplogroups that survived the Pleistocene and the trauma of the Younger Dryas and lived to rule the Holocene, not the sum total of all haplogroups that ever lived.  The basis for these haplogroups survived the fall of the Eemian and the freezing over of the North.  The haplogroups that controlled the Eemian survived the prior ice age, and so on.  I don’t think there was ever one line leading to the present day configuration of Homo sapiens.   To accurately discern what these haplogroups signify, we need genetic information for all the archaic hominids.  It is already known which haplogroups contain more or less Neanderthal and Denisovan genetic inheritances and the study of skull and dental characteristics indicates relationships also. 

 

Figure 20: MTDNA Haplogroups    https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Major_Y-DNA_and_mtDNA_Haplogroups

 

 

 

Figure 21: YDNA Haplogroups    https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Major_Y-DNA_and_mtDNA_Haplogroups

 

 The relationships are those of variation, not race, not species, but just variation like the groups of dogs that exist, or the variations in horse breeds or the variations among sheep and goats.  These are our variations, and the population numbers of each vary widely, with some more numerous than others.