Sunday, December 12, 2021

Chapter 7 Egypt 38,000 "Gods" Reigned in Egypt Until 14,800 BP

 

 

7              Egypt  38,000 “Gods” Reigned in Egypt until 14,800 BP

The Laschamp Event that produced a pole reversal that meandered across the globe and back again after 440 years.  This preceded a deeply cold period across the northern globe that altered the ecology and decimated marginal species about 40,000 years ago and probably sparked migration to warmer climes.  According to the timeline the massive volcanic eruption in Southern Italy erupted after the pole shift but it sure comes close or right on the money as a cause of this volcanic eruption.  It was the largest in the world in the last 200,000 years.  Severe cold in the northlands led to a drop in sea level in the south, producing a land bridge to Africa from the Mediterranean Sea.  I am positive animals and people traveled both ways.  The Bering Straits were closed but land existed further south during this time, a probable migration and trade route.

In Southern Italy, the largest volcanic eruption in the last 100,000 years covered a huge area of southern Europe in a shroud 300 feet deep of tephra, a liquid stone blown into the air and aerated, not as much as pumice, probably much used for building in later times as it is easy to cut.  It was said that this blowout caused a worldwide dip in temperatures for years after, due to particulate matter in the air.  An event like this would cause refugees. 

Now the pole reversal event and this volcanic blowout are possibly contemporaneous.  This event would have wiped out populations and voided territories that later groups could occupy.  What could have happened?

I found a chlorine date of 40,000 years for Stonehenge, which conflicts with ‘modern’ dating at 5,000 years.  Stonehenge was close to the edge of the glacier during the last ice age, a significant placement in my opinion.  I believe that Stonehenge was much more complicated, with wooden palisades, possibly one for each day of the year, a moon viewing division, a sun watching division and a precession watching component.  It looks like the henge at Nabta Playa in arid Egypt and it looks eerily like the dolmens found across Europe.  I ran across this website https://philphilips.com/alignment-connection-between-great-pyramid-of-giza-and-stonehenge/  that certainly has a history I had not seen before.  I discount nothing and was fascinated by this account and the ancient connection to minorities in Eurasia.  This site posits an ancient empire: 

In 7000 BC, Bharatvarsha under Emperor Vikramaditya extended from Jerusalem in the West to Cheliabinsk Urals in the North to Vietnam in the East. The seat of this empire was at Ujjain India at the Kshpira ( Shipra ) river,…”  Citation 6:  https://philphilips.com/alignment-connection-between-great-pyramid-of-giza-and-stonehenge/ 

This same site maintains that Arkaim in Russia is older than Stonehenge.  I read up on Arkaim and came across several interesting elements.   Arkaim is said to be settled by the early Indo-Europeans  5,000 years ago or so, but with deep roots in the past.   Burials show elongated skulls and tall stature about 2000 BC.   

 

Figure 26:  Arkaim Russia Skeleton   https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-mysterious-phenomena/skeleton-elongated-skull-discovered-russia-003505

It is fascinating how these elongated skulls show up around the world, which is an indicator of prior migration events, might be by military invasion or cultural overwhelming or fleeing violence.

     

Figure 27:  Western Russia    http://editorial-streicher.blogspot.com/2013/11/

 An artifact was found in Arkaim and to me she resembles homo Nadeli.  It just seems that archaic forms remained alive for millennia after conventional historians decided they had all died and indeed these ancient forms live within us.  I believe that the evidence is there, like this artifact that does resemble homo Nadeli and the Dnamisi skulls.

Figure 28:  Dmanisi Skulls   http://dmanisi.ge/page?id=12&lang=en

Figure 29:  Arkaim Artifact     https://www.ringingcedarsofrussia.org/ringing-cedars/arkaim.html

Figure 30:  Homo Nadeli    https://www.ancient.eu/Homo_Naledi/

I think more collections of ancient art should be examined for more examples of art showing past relationships that existed.  Look at the Arkaim artifact and think about all the Sapiens myths and legends of other types of intelligent beings like trolls, elves, fairies, giants, menehune, and other hobbits.  Again, I am aware that the timeframe does not fit but the visual evidence does.

I was looking at an old Larousse Encyclopedia of Prehistoric and Ancient Art, edited by Rene Huyghe way back in the 1950s and I found something startling in the Greek art.   I look at art all the time, searching for artistic connections that denote the past.  The cave paintings of Europe have always fascinated me and I imagine to see humans in them disguised as animals stalking their prey.  I lived in Europe for a few years and I found it to be an amazing place with distinct cultural lines, possibly now somewhat blurred by immigration, as it has many times in the past.  The Neolithic Revolution came from Eurasia in the form of farming and a cessation of the hunting gathering lifestyle.  

This old encyclopedia of art is a somewhat ethnocentric tome, but the photographs are interesting, even if the descriptors sound a bit weak, like it was overanalyzed.  Sometimes the most literal explanation is the most logical.  The Greek vase pictured from the old Larousse show two women, each wearing a headdress.  I don’t have a photograph of another angle of this piece!  These women are shown in profile, one a young woman who looks ‘Greek’ and another young woman who looks like a Neanderthal, with smooth features.  The “Greek” headdress looks like a bonnet with embroidered flowers on it and the Neanderthal headdress looks almost metallic and is abstract using dots or points, a very different style than the Greek.  What is this thing?  What does it mean?  Why would they make a vase like this?  I think they saw both phenotypes when they made this vessel.   This is evidence!

Figure 31  Greek Art:  Larousse Encyclopedia of Prehistoric and Ancient Art, edited by Rene Huyghe        

So 40,000 years ago, there was this culture that existed called the Uluzzian.  Known evidence of this culture shows it existed about 33,000 years ago until it was destroyed by the volcanic eruption in Italy and Greece about 39,000 years ago.  The Uluzzian combined elements of Mousterian Neanderthal lithic technology with that of archaic humans, showing cultural interchange and possible admixture opportunities.   So the later cultures of Greece and Rome were ultimately influenced by the Neanderthals?  Croatia also had a Neanderthal lithic technology at Vindija Cave that was distinct from the Uluzzian but was dated about the same time.   

Archaeologists working in Africa have determined that the East and West African populations began to mix about 40,000 years ago, which could have led to a cultural bloom that led to an advanced culture, but at the least this admixture was an important event that led to enormous cultural change in Africa.

Now the Egyptians have this ‘mythology’ that the ‘Reign of the Gods’ began in Egypt 38,000 years ago and I have no reason to doubt their accounts, other than it has been decreed that nothing like this existed.  The ‘Reign of the Gods’ is also mentioned in the Kolbrin Bible and the Book of Enoch, without the precise dating given by the Egyptians.   

Who were these ‘Gods’? 

The Gods ruled Egypt and probably other places too from 38,000 until 14,800 years ago.  What else happened during this time? 

Figure 32:  Post Glacial Sea Level Rise   https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png

 

 

 

So the Gods in Egypt thrived during the depths of the ice age, obviously a more southerly oriented culture that may have built extensively in the lowlands exposed by the sea level drop.  Where ever they were, their reign ended with Meltwater Pulse I as the world warmed during the Bolling Allerod warm period that ended abruptly with the return of the ice age for 1,500 years during the Younger Dryas.  If you were living on the ground during that time, it was more complicated…

 Figure 33:  Temperature Dryas Allerod Bolling    https://wattsupwiththat.com/2013/06/02/multiple-intense-abrupt-late-pleisitocene-warming-and-cooling-implications-for-understanding-the-cause-of-global-climate-change/

So for 3,500 years the world suffered severe climate change.  This pattern has been documented in Venezuela also, so it looks like a worldwide event.  This whole time period would be difficult to survive, unless you had access to resources and technology.  This is the time of the end of the ‘Gods’, who left a legacy of stone, spiritual texts, and myths of alchemy, Zep Tepe and a straightforward history that says their rule died in 14,800 BP.   Where did they go?  Plato’s date for the disappearance of Atlantis is 11,650 years ago, which occurred during a precipitous warming at the end of the Younger Dryas, a time when floods would have occurred.   What happened to the human race at this time?

I cannot help but think the Paracas skulls harbor a clue to this.  Brian Foerster has pursued DNA testing of those and some of them have similarities in shape, size and DNA to samples from the Caucasus area in Eurasia.  Mr. Foerster also found similarities in weaving patterns and techniques between the two groups.  He has videos on UTube on this subject that are fascinating.  Academia is stuck in the mud somewhere, so I will not follow them. 

Dr. Dillahay also published results in academia concerning the age of artifacts found on the west coast of South America and he eventually won the argument because he was right and he was arguing with pedantic fools.  50,000 years of habitation in South America indicates the Paracas were maybe later than that but maybe there were different levels of cultures at that time, just like now.   MTDNA U2 was found in Paracas, which is one of the first haplotypes to branch off from the ancient macrogroup begun by interbreeding with Neanderthals in central Asia.   Hunter Gatherers still exist in South America and they have for 50,000 years and more.  The megalith stonework in South America was a culture of the Pleistocene, a time of giant animals and maybe giant humans.   If Zep Tepe was in effect in Egypt from 38,000 bp until 14,800, then a worldwide civilization certainly had time to develop and indeed there is evidence through the stonework they left behind.  I call them the Stonemasons.  Zep Tepe is the best date we have. 

So a culture that lasted 23,000 years just disappeared?     Did the disappearance have anything to do with the flooding of Sundaland?  Sunda was the first to flood as the glacial melt began.  This is a large area to lose and migrations would be the logical outcome of flooding and migrations cause problems.

 Figure 34:  Temperature Dryas Allerod Bolling    https://wattsupwiththat.com/2013/06/02/multiple-intense-abrupt-late-pleisitocene-warming-and-cooling-implications-for-understanding-the-cause-of-global-climate-change/

This brings me back to the radiation of the Denisovans. 

 

Figure 35:  Denisovan Hotspots  https://phys.org/news/2016-03-world-neanderthal-denisovan-ancestry-modern.html

Was there once a great Denisovan civilization on Sundaland and the surrounding areas like ancient Cambodia?  These people must have been in South America also, as a colonization maybe, since the concentration of the genes was in New Guinea, but there was obviously contact that resulted in admixture.  If there was a civilization on the Pacific Rim, it was flooded out and refugees took off in all directions. 

This map would lead me to think that the Zep Tepe people were of a different high culture than the Sunda culture.  The ancestry was different and the climate was tropical, not subject to fierce drought like middle Eurasia.  India had a high culture in the Tamils and Harappans.  It’s entirely possible that the Americas had several civilizations; Cahokia, Teotihuacan, Peru/Bolivia, Maya, and Olmec.  Maybe the systems of writing available today relate to who these ancient civilizations were and where they were. 

As there were many different language systems, the purpose was to communicate and keep records.  The Inca Quipo is a system of knot tying in patterns and colors that conveys records and ancestry and other data streams.  Is that a written language?  I think so.  I bet you could say I love you in Quipo.

 MTDNA E is said to have appeared about 39,000 years ago, which coincides nicely with the beginning of the Reign of the Gods in Egypt.  MTDNA E is associated with the Austronesian language, which could have had a large civilization in Sundaland that was inundated by the Eemian or the Holocene.  The Buildreps data indicates human activity and knowledge hundreds of thousands of years ago.  The Austronesian expansion could have occurred much earlier.  Traces of Austronesian ancestry have been found in the Amazon, Taiwan, Japan and Kamchatka.  The colonization of Madagascar is said to be part of the Austronesian expansion, which I believe led to a trip around Africa, across to the Amazon and north to the Doggerland coast and north to Japan.  It must have been a grand civilization, larger than the scope of the map.

 

Figure 36:  Pacific Expansion By Vrata - modified file:Indo-Pacific_biogeographic_region_map-fr.svg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6602967

The triumph of the Austronesians was not related to the Oase skulls, but to another source of genes other than those brought from Africa.  Were they part of an ancient Pacific Rim Culture? 

The advent of the Austronesians came after the breeding events among Neanderthals and Denisovans in central Eurasia, which is dated about 40,000 years ago proven by skeletal and DNA evidence. 

Oase 1 was a skull part found in a Romanian cave and is dated about 37-42,000 years before present:

”"Oase 1" exhibits morphological traits from early modern humans and archaic humans, including Neanderthal features.[7]

“DNA analysis of Oase 1 since 2015 has made a number of significant findings.

·         About 6-9% of the genome is Neanderthal in origin. This is the highest percentage of archaic introgression found in an anatomically modern human and together with the linkage disequilibrium patterns indicates that Oase 1 had a relatively-recent Neanderthal ancestor – about four to six generations earlier.

·         The autosomal DNA of Oase 1 by Fu et al. (2015) indicates that he (as it was a male) may have shared more alleles with modern East Asian populations than with modern Europeans. However, Oase shared equal alleles with Mesolithic Europeans and East Eurasians suggesting non-European admixture in modern Europeans.[8]

·         Oase 1 belongs to an extinct Y-DNA haplogroup and an extinct mitochondrial DNA haplogroup.

·         Research by Poznik et al. (2016) suggests that Oase 1 Y-DNA belongs to haplogroup K2a*.

Citation 7:  Oase 1 Findings  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeÈ™tera_cu_Oase

Oase 1 is now said to be part Denisovan also.  Ma’alta boy found in Siberia is related to Oase 1 and native Americans and also the Anzik Child found close to the west coast of northern North America.

Melanesians have the greatest amount of Denisovan DNA, plus Neanderthal DNA. 

 

Figure 37:  Melanesian Children   http://montfordpointmarinesandhonor.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-indigenous-people-of-pacific-and.html      

 Figure 38:  Melanesian Boy     http://thedailycheck.net/scientists-shocked-find-melanesians-carry-dna-unknown-human-species/

 

YDNA K2 formed at the juncture of Archaic Sapiens/Neanderthal admixture and proceeded to Australia, where it is common today.  The Australian Aborigines sometimes have blonde hair, which indicates that it might be a Neanderthal trait.  

 

   

Figure 39:  Australian Man  https://1tawnystranger.wordpress.com/2014/07/03/more-about-aboriginal-australians/

Figure 40:  Older Australian Man   http://religionandmediacourse.blogspot.com/2010/11/religious-representation-of-australian.html

Figure 41:   Australian Child     https://1tawnystranger.wordpress.com/2013/11/01/aborigines-other-native-pacific-oceanic-peoples/

 

The ‘Negritos’ are an ancient people who were said to be small in stature with very dark skin and short hair.  These peoples have been found all over the globe in small numbers, like remnant populations that were overlaid with later adventurers.  These peoples are found across India, Southeast Asia and along the western European coast and across Polynesia.  Were they related to a different Neanderthal clan or did the genes enter at a later time, by admixture with new populations?  The Harappans look like a mix of Eurasian and negritos and the Dravidians look like they have the line also.  Were these related to the Australians?  Probably some of them.   Some doubt their existence, but possibly the time of disbursal is off.  The Andamese are said to have reached the islands during the last glacial maximum and became an isolated population after sea level rise at the end of the ice age.   They swim with elephants!

https://www.trendrr.net/

Andaman Islanders

YDNA D prevalent

 

 

Old YDNA D from 60,000 years ago found themselves young girlfriends, coinciding in central Asia, Tibet and the islands of Japan and producing ancient civilizations like the Mongols, the  Jomon and Shangrila from the way old days.  Apparently the old YDNA D developed in Asia, related to the ancient YDNA E of Africa and Europe, but D was common in Asia, not Europe.   YDNA D must have quite a bit of variation.  And the new combination of YDNA D and MTDNA G from about 35,000 years ago produce a cultural bloom in Japan among the Jomon, where marvelous pottery was made at a very early time.     MTDNA G is common among the Itelmen, living people in Kamchatka.

Figure 42:  Itelman    By Theodore de Pauly - Description ethnographique des peuples de la Russie, p.408, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=54722526

I think there is a connection between rice cultivation and pottery and that pottery was a concept that was worldwide, and was probably a technology that survived the beginning of the Holocene and all the changes that were forced on humans adapting to a changing climate.  Who would discard the idea of pottery, even if you could not make it?  Just like ancient myths of flying, the legends persist.   Pottery was made worldwide and gorillas weave funny little constructs, so maybe we just naturally weave baskets.   

I’m not going to guess about who invented pottery, but I am waiting for information from China about ancient pottery, where many traditions surfaced over the eons of time and where rice cultivation goes back into the distant past.  After all, Homo Erectus was in China two million years ago, walking around with control of fire and flourishing, meeting new hominid immigrants with open arms for admixture upon admixture for a million years.  Homo Erectus is obviously the ‘unknown hominid’ in some studies of admixture patterns.   

Asia was the real ‘melting pot’ of the ancient world.  And the admixtures were beneficial to Homo Sapiens.  All of those different phenotypes were of the same species but probably had different cultures that developed in isolation, then these cultures were shared by admixing, when the offspring would ideally learn the customs and technologies of both groups and a cultural bloom would begin. 

The Mousterian tradition was of longstanding existence related to Neanderthal.  There is evidence that Neanderthal used heavy short spears with sharp chipped flint spear heads and were possibly ambush artists, a quick rush from a hidden position to kill the prey.  They were sprinters but could probably keep up a good pace.   Guerrilla Warfare, anyone?  The Neanderthal toolkit survived until around 35,000 years ago, merged with toolkits from archaic Sapiens, and then was replaced by ever increasing technology.  The bloodlines now contain both variations of Homo and the age of innovation began.  The same thing happened in Asia, as the Oase blood spread east and mixed with Denisovan, so did new technologies.

Somewhere in all this were the megalith societies, the Stonemasons.   Were these the “Gods” that helped the early cultures?  The Kolbrin speaks of ‘reserves’ where the natives were off limits for sexual activity but it happened anyway, which describes encounters described in ancient texts.  The liaisons described in Greek myths resulted in offspring who became the great warriors of old and Prometheus was punished for giving fire to the savages.  Perhaps those gods came from a different megalith culture than that of Viracocha in South America.  Viracocha came for only long enough to teach the natives agriculture and husbandry and maybe weaving, and then he left.  The megaliths of Peru speak of a former high culture with amazing technology that could build Saksayhuaman.  Viracocha may have been a government or dynasty.  Myths are allegories. 

Neanderthal buried the dead with ochre, had flutes and even may have made bagpipes, if the article I read was not an English hoax.   The survival of this human variation throughout the last five ice ages is nothing less than phenomenal but the Pleistocene was the last one for the phenotype Neanderthal. 

35,000 years ago Europe hosted several new toolkits derived from a merge of Mousterian and archaic Sapiens named the Chatelperronian.

After perusing the Mousterian and Chatelperronian and the Cro Magnon toolkits, it looks like the Cro Magnon came from the arctic type areas because they were economically dependent on reindeer and had a toolkit that resembled that of arctic fishermen with advanced bone harpoons and apparently fewer big game hunting stone points.  They had the atalatl and possibly bows and arrows and had a more omnivorous diet than the Neanderthal.  The Cro Magnon  had a varied economy, utilizing reindeer, gathering and fishing.  The evidence suggests that the Cro Magnon originated in a subarctic climate.  They probably did not come from Africa.  If they possessed the bow and arrow 35,000 years ago, that could have been a high technology producing formidable warriors. 

Nobody knows if the Neanderthals had bows and arrows and atalatls.  There are suspected remains of heavy spears and an array of delicately chipped flints that exceeded the expertise of the Cro Magnon, as judged by the quality of their stone points.   I think some of the Neanderthal toolkit is not represented in collections because of the longer time differential.  The longer ago it was, the less information is left. 

At La Roche Cotard, France, a handmade face was found that is dated at 32,000 years ago and is Mousterian Le Masque Neanderthal.  I think of the Neanderthal site deep in a cave of stalactites carefully arranged and the geometric drawings and the series of dots that might signify days or something practical.  The handprints are Neanderthal and they are found all over the world, along with the genes that made up Homo Sapiens. 

Figure 43:  The Mousterian Face La Roche Cotard   http://donsmaps.com/mousterianothers.html

 

I think the union that the ‘gods’ tried to prevent was that between the two phenotypes.  The Kolbrin talks about the necessity to keep the variant human groups apart in order to prevent disease.  The two groups intermingled anyway and both groups ended up sick.  The Yosling told the archaic human that they would win even though their numbers were few, and indeed they did, for they live on in us

The cave paintings of Europe and Indonesia all show the handprint motif.  So many of them date tentatively to around the 30-40,000 BP time period when the cultural liaisons of Mousterian and Cro Magnon/Aurignacian were taking place over thousands of years.  Did the cultural bloom as a result of the new data lead to the cave art?  Who did the cave art?  Is it dated correctly? 

The Toba Eruption and the Proliferation of Haplotypes

 

Climate and Odd Lot Data

Before Present                       Descriptor                             

188,000                                                 +MTDNA B006   sapiens/neander/Deniso /Amer/Europe admixture

75,000                                                   Toba eruption Cooling Climate, bottleneck mammals SE Asia

71-12,000                                            Glacial MIS 2-4, 5a-d  40,000 years

@70,000                                               Scholz’s Star   .8 Light Yr from sun binary star inside Oort Cloud flyby

 

I think Toba and a cooling climate is what killed off the ‘gods’ and radiated their cultural remains throughout the Pacific Rim because the differentiation caused by the bottleneck and subsequent migrations brought into being the modern haplotypes. 

I suspect that the remnants were of larger stature than the current Homo Sapiens average and were widely disbursed throughout the world.  There is evidence of inbreeding and decline in population numbers in some places among this group and some evidence of integration as in the Moundbuilders where different sized skeletons were common and were buried together.  They were in Europe and brought gifts of knowledge and they were in Eurasia making war and they sparsely populated the coast of Argentina and they spread across the Pacific Islands, but they did not survive as a coherent culture as the new Homo Sapiens moved in. 

The out of Africa theory is only partially correct.  Sentient humans were all over the globe before Toba but Toba had an effect of diminishing populations and allowing for subsequent migrations.  Perhaps these migrations brought diseases to the remnants of the ‘gods’ and diminished the populations even more.  The Toba eruption was a more local phenomenon but whatever existed at that time was important in maintaining an ancient culture.  Whatever it was, Toba ended it. 

I posit that a disbursal of Homo varieties occurred far and long before the Toba Eruption and that the new migrants merged with them, with whomever had the largest population coming out on top in the haplotype game.  And whomever had the best immune system would triumph. 

I think the immune system is the key to all.  Out of Africa brought diseases.  I wonder which diseases it was?    

Timeline of Haplotype Appearance as of 2019.    

Descriptor                              Before Present

+Americas also    

MTDNA N macro                                71,000                 Australia, W. EurAsia with haplotypes M & R Europe

YDNA D  M174                                     60,000                 coastal migration Jomon, Ainu, Andaman, Japan, Arabia

YDNA B M60                                         60,000                 Tropical Africa, Pygmies some in Iran, Hazara

+MTDNA C                                            60,000                 NE Asia, Amerinds, Siberia, Eurasia

MTDNA M macro                               60,000                 Asia, Japan, Tibet

MTDNA U                                              55,000                 paleolithic Europe, W.Eurasia, N.Africa, S. Asia

YDNA E                                                   55,000                 African, Bantu, lite Arabia, Malta, Greece, Baltic

MTDNA Q                                              50,000                 Australia, Melanesia, New Guinea

Homo Florienses                                50,000                 went extinct on Flores SE Asia as Sapiens arrived

MTDNA P                                               50,000                 Australia, Melanesia, Phillippines, Bataan origin SE Asia

+MTDNA B2                                          50,000                 Origin in SE Asia, found in Americas

+YDNA C                                                50,000                 Indus, Americas,Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, E.Eur

+MTDNA A                                            50,000                 Origin Asia: N. America, Aleuts, Siberia, N. Asia

+MTDNA D                                            48,000                 E Asia, China, Amerinds, NE Asia, Central Asia

YDNA F M89  macro                          48,000                 SW Asia, SE Asia 90% nonafrican hominids

YDNA K macro                                     47,000                 S&W Asia, Formed T-R Y haplogroups

YDNA K                                                   47,000                 SW Asian origin, Australia, Micronesia, Melanesia

YDNA M-P256                                      47,000                 SE Asia, Melanesia, W New Guinea,

Europe R1b Ydna, MTDna H           47,000              Aurignacian  CroMagnon (tall form?)

Egypt                                        38,000           “Gods” Reigned in Egypt until 14,800 bp

YDNA J P209                                         31,700                Arabia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Anatolia, Med. Sea

 YDNA G                                                  30,000                Baltic, Mediterranean area, Pakistan, Alps

YDNA I M170                                         30,000                Bosnia, Macedonia, Danes, Finns, Iceland, Sardinia

+MTDNA X                                             30,000                Levant, N America, Druze, Scots, Algonquin, Sioux, Dene

YDNA G                                                   30,000                Baltic, Mediterranean area, Pakistan, Alps

YDNA L  (K, M120)                               30,000                Indus Valley origin, Dravidian, S. India, Afghan, Syria

Homo Erectus                                       27,000                Phenotype extinct or assimilated into Sapiens etc.  

MTDNA T                                                25,000                origin Levant, Eurasia, Europe

MTDNA H                                               25,000                Europe, Med. Sea, Gravettian, Magdalenian, Minoan

 YDNA N                                                  25,000                N Eurasia, Siberia, Finns, Saami, Baltics, Yakuts, Hungary

MTDNA W                                              23,900                minority clade, Pakistan, Kurds, Caucasus, Australians

MTDNA I                                                 23,000                Europe Carpathian, Iran, glacial expansion, Anatolia

YDNA E3b M215                                   22,400                Ashkenazim, Sephardim, Sardinia, Europe, Africa, Tunis

R1b YDNA Europe                      22 - 17,000              Solutrean Spain

YDNA R1b                                               18,500                British Isles, Iberia, Cameroon, Caucasus, W. Europe

YDNA R  M 173                                     18,500                Native American

Neanderthal                                         18,000                Phenotype absorbed into Homo Sapiens

+YDNA Q                                                 17,000                Dominant male haplotype in Native Americans appears

This same data is arranged differently in the following chapter, to highlight regional differences.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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