7 Egypt 38,000 “Gods” Reigned in Egypt until 14,800 BP
The Laschamp Event that produced a pole reversal that
meandered across the globe and back again after 440 years. This preceded a deeply cold period across the
northern globe that altered the ecology and decimated marginal species about
40,000 years ago and probably sparked migration to warmer climes. According to the timeline the massive
volcanic eruption in Southern Italy erupted after the pole shift but it sure
comes close or right on the money as a cause of this volcanic eruption. It was the largest in the world in the last
200,000 years. Severe cold in the
northlands led to a drop in sea level in the south, producing a land bridge to
Africa from the Mediterranean Sea. I am
positive animals and people traveled both ways.
The Bering Straits were closed but land existed further south during
this time, a probable migration and trade route.
In Southern Italy, the largest volcanic eruption in the last
100,000 years covered a huge area of southern Europe in a shroud 300 feet deep
of tephra, a liquid stone blown into the air and aerated, not as much as
pumice, probably much used for building in later times as it is easy to
cut. It was said that this blowout
caused a worldwide dip in temperatures for years after, due to particulate
matter in the air. An event like this
would cause refugees.
Now the pole reversal event and this volcanic blowout are
possibly contemporaneous. This event
would have wiped out populations and voided territories that later groups could
occupy. What could have happened?
I found a chlorine date of 40,000 years for Stonehenge,
which conflicts with ‘modern’ dating at 5,000 years. Stonehenge was close to the edge of the
glacier during the last ice age, a significant placement in my opinion. I believe that Stonehenge was much more
complicated, with wooden palisades, possibly one for each day of the year, a
moon viewing division, a sun watching division and a precession watching
component. It looks like the henge at
Nabta Playa in arid Egypt and it looks eerily like the dolmens found across Europe. I ran across this website https://philphilips.com/alignment-connection-between-great-pyramid-of-giza-and-stonehenge/ that certainly has a history I had not seen
before. I discount nothing and was
fascinated by this account and the ancient connection to minorities in
Eurasia. This site posits an ancient
empire:
“In 7000 BC, Bharatvarsha under
Emperor Vikramaditya extended from Jerusalem in the West to Cheliabinsk Urals
in the North to Vietnam in the East. The seat of this empire was at Ujjain
India at the Kshpira ( Shipra ) river,…”
Citation 6: https://philphilips.com/alignment-connection-between-great-pyramid-of-giza-and-stonehenge/
This same site maintains that
Arkaim in Russia is older than Stonehenge.
I read up on Arkaim and came across several interesting elements. Arkaim
is said to be settled by the early Indo-Europeans 5,000 years ago or so, but with deep roots in
the past. Burials show elongated skulls
and tall stature about 2000 BC.
Figure 26: Arkaim Russia Skeleton https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-mysterious-phenomena/skeleton-elongated-skull-discovered-russia-003505
It is fascinating
how these elongated skulls show up around the world, which is an indicator of
prior migration events, might be by military invasion or cultural overwhelming
or fleeing violence.
Figure 27: Western Russia http://editorial-streicher.blogspot.com/2013/11/
An artifact was found in Arkaim and to me she
resembles homo Nadeli. It just seems
that archaic forms remained alive for millennia after conventional historians
decided they had all died and indeed these ancient forms live within us. I believe that the evidence is there, like
this artifact that does resemble homo Nadeli and the Dnamisi skulls.
Figure 28: Dmanisi
Skulls http://dmanisi.ge/page?id=12&lang=en
Figure
29: Arkaim Artifact https://www.ringingcedarsofrussia.org/ringing-cedars/arkaim.html
Figure
30: Homo Nadeli https://www.ancient.eu/Homo_Naledi/
I think more collections of
ancient art should be examined for more examples of art showing past
relationships that existed. Look at the
Arkaim artifact and think about all the Sapiens myths and legends of other
types of intelligent beings like trolls, elves, fairies, giants, menehune, and
other hobbits. Again, I am aware that
the timeframe does not fit but the visual evidence does.
I was looking at an old Larousse
Encyclopedia of Prehistoric and Ancient Art, edited by Rene Huyghe way back
in the 1950s and I found something startling in the Greek art. I look
at art all the time, searching for artistic connections that denote the
past. The cave paintings of Europe have
always fascinated me and I imagine to see humans in them disguised as animals
stalking their prey. I lived in Europe
for a few years and I found it to be an amazing place with distinct cultural
lines, possibly now somewhat blurred by immigration, as it has many times in
the past. The Neolithic Revolution came
from Eurasia in the form of farming and a cessation of the hunting gathering
lifestyle.
This old encyclopedia of art
is a somewhat ethnocentric tome, but the photographs are interesting, even if
the descriptors sound a bit weak, like it was overanalyzed. Sometimes the most literal explanation is the
most logical. The Greek vase pictured
from the old Larousse show two women, each wearing a headdress. I don’t have a photograph of another angle of
this piece! These women are shown in
profile, one a young woman who looks ‘Greek’ and another young woman who looks
like a Neanderthal, with smooth features.
The “Greek” headdress looks like a bonnet with embroidered flowers on it
and the Neanderthal headdress looks almost metallic and is abstract using dots
or points, a very different style than the Greek. What is this thing? What does it mean? Why would they make a vase like this? I think they saw both phenotypes when they
made this vessel. This is evidence!
So 40,000 years ago, there was this culture that existed
called the Uluzzian. Known evidence of
this culture shows it existed about 33,000 years ago until it was destroyed by
the volcanic eruption in Italy and Greece about 39,000 years ago. The Uluzzian combined elements of Mousterian
Neanderthal lithic technology with that of archaic humans, showing cultural
interchange and possible admixture opportunities. So the later cultures of Greece and Rome
were ultimately influenced by the Neanderthals?
Croatia also had a Neanderthal lithic technology at Vindija Cave that
was distinct from the Uluzzian but was dated about the same time.
Archaeologists working in Africa have determined that the
East and West African populations began to mix about 40,000 years ago, which
could have led to a cultural bloom that led to an advanced culture, but at the
least this admixture was an important event that led to enormous cultural
change in Africa.
Now the Egyptians have this ‘mythology’ that the ‘Reign of
the Gods’ began in Egypt 38,000 years ago and I have no reason to doubt their
accounts, other than it has been decreed that nothing like this existed. The ‘Reign of the Gods’ is also mentioned in
the Kolbrin Bible and the Book of Enoch, without the precise dating given by
the Egyptians.
Who were these ‘Gods’?
The Gods ruled Egypt and probably other places too from
38,000 until 14,800 years ago. What else
happened during this time?
Figure 32: Post
Glacial Sea Level Rise https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png
So the Gods in Egypt thrived during the depths of the ice
age, obviously a more southerly oriented culture that may have built
extensively in the lowlands exposed by the sea level drop. Where ever they were, their reign ended with
Meltwater Pulse I as the world warmed during the Bolling Allerod warm period
that ended abruptly with the return of the ice age for 1,500 years during the
Younger Dryas. If you were living on the
ground during that time, it was more complicated…
So for 3,500 years the world suffered severe climate
change. This pattern has been documented
in Venezuela also, so it looks like a worldwide event. This whole time period would be difficult to
survive, unless you had access to resources and technology. This is the time of the end of the ‘Gods’,
who left a legacy of stone, spiritual texts, and myths of Zep Tepe alchemy and a straightforward history
that says their rule died in 14,800 BP.
Where did they go? Plato’s date
for the disappearance of Atlantis is 11,650 years ago, which occurred during a
precipitous warming at the end of the Younger Dryas, a time when floods would
have occurred. What happened to the
human race at this time?
I cannot help but think the Paracas skulls harbor a clue to
this. Brian Foerster has pursued DNA
testing of those and some of them have similarities in shape, size and DNA to
samples from the Caucasus area in Eurasia.
Mr. Foerster also found similarities in weaving patterns and techniques
between the two groups. He has videos on
UTube on this subject that are fascinating.
Academia is stuck in the mud somewhere, so I will not follow them.
Dr. Dillahay also published results in academia concerning
the age of artifacts found on the west coast of South America and he eventually
won the argument because he was right and he was arguing with pedantic fools. 50,000 years of habitation in South America
indicates the Paracas were maybe later than that but maybe there were different
levels of cultures at that time, just like now. MTDNA U2 was found in Paracas, which is one
of the first haplotypes to branch off from the ancient macrogroup begun by
interbreeding with Neanderthals in central Asia. Hunter
Gatherers still exist in South America and they have for 50,000 years and more. The megalith stonework in South America was a
culture of the Pleistocene, a time of giant animals and maybe giant
humans. If Zep Tepe was in effect in
Egypt from 38,000 bp until 14,800, then a worldwide civilization certainly had
time to develop and indeed there is evidence through the stonework they left
behind. I call them the Stonemasons. Zep Tepe is the best date we have.
So a culture that lasted 23,000 years just disappeared? Did
the disappearance have anything to do with the flooding of Sundaland? Sunda was the first to flood as the glacial
melt began. This is a large area to lose
and migrations would be the logical outcome of flooding and migrations cause
problems.
This brings me back to the
radiation of the Denisovans.
Figure 35: Denisovan
Hotspots https://phys.org/news/2016-03-world-neanderthal-denisovan-ancestry-modern.html
This map does not reflect new
evidence of some Denisovan DNA in Northern Europe.
Was there once a great
Denisovan civilization on Sundaland and the surrounding areas like ancient
Cambodia? These people must have been in
South America also, as a colonization maybe, since the concentration of the
genes was in New Guinea, but there was obviously contact that resulted in
admixture. Recent studies of Denisovan
gene distribution show it appearing all across Europe also.
If there was a civilization
on the Pacific Rim, it was flooded out and refugees took off in all
directions.
This map would lead me to
think that the Zep Tepe people were of a different high culture than the Sunda
culture. The ancestry was different and
the climate was tropical, not so subject to fierce drought like middle Eurasia. India had high cultures in the Tamils and
Harappans. It’s entirely possible that
the Americas had several civilizations, one around Teotihuacan and another in
Peru/Bolivia and possibly others in the Olmec and Moundbuilder areas. Maybe the systems of writing available today
relate to who these ancient civilizations were and where they were.
As there were many different
language systems, the purpose was to communicate and keep records. The Inca Quipo is a system of knot tying in
patterns and colors that conveys records and ancestry and other data
streams. Is that a written
language? I think so. I bet you could say I love you in Quipo.
MTDNA E is said to have appeared about 39,000
years ago, which coincides nicely with the beginning of the Reign of the Gods
in Egypt. MTDNA E is associated with the
Austronesian language, which could have had a large civilization in Sundaland
that was inundated by the Eemian or the Holocene. The Buildreps data indicates human activity
and knowledge hundreds of thousands of years ago. The Austronesian expansion could have
occurred much earlier. Traces of
Austronesian ancestry have been found in the Amazon and Japan and Kamchatka. The colonization of Madagascar is said to be
part of the Austronesian expansion, which I believe led to a trip around
Africa, across to the Amazon and north to the Doggerland coast and north to
Japan. It must have been a grand
civilization, larger than the scope of the map.
Figure
36: Pacific Expansion By Vrata -
modified file:Indo-Pacific_biogeographic_region_map-fr.svg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6602967
The triumph
of the Austronesians was not related to the Oase skulls, but to another source
of genes other than those brought from Africa.
Were they part of an ancient Pacific Rim Culture?
The advent
of the Austronesians came after the breeding events among Neanderthals and
Denisovans in central Eurasia, which is dated about 40,000 years ago proven by
skeletal and DNA evidence.
“Oase 1 was a skull part found in a Romanian cave and
is dated about 37-42,000 years before present:
”"Oase 1" exhibits morphological traits
from early modern humans and archaic humans, including Neanderthal features.[7]
“DNA analysis of Oase 1 since 2015 has made a number
of significant findings.
·
About 6-9% of the genome is
Neanderthal in origin. This is the highest percentage of archaic introgression
found in an anatomically modern human
and together with the linkage disequilibrium patterns indicates that Oase 1 had
a relatively-recent Neanderthal ancestor – about four to six generations
earlier.
·
The autosomal DNA of Oase 1 by
Fu et al. (2015) indicates that he (as it was a male) may have shared more
alleles with modern East Asian populations than with
modern Europeans. However, Oase shared equal alleles with Mesolithic Europeans
and East Eurasians suggesting non-European admixture in modern Europeans.[8]
·
Oase 1 belongs to an extinct Y-DNA
haplogroup and an extinct mitochondrial DNA haplogroup.
·
Research by Poznik et al. (2016)
suggests that Oase 1 Y-DNA belongs to haplogroup K2a*.”
Citation 7: Oase 1
Findings https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peștera_cu_Oase
Oase 1 is now said to be part
Denisovan also. Ma’alta boy found in
Siberia is related to Oase 1 and native Americans and also the Anzik Child
found close to the west coast of northern North America.
Melanesians have the greatest
amount of Denisovan DNA, plus Neanderthal DNA.
Figure 37: Melanesian
Children http://montfordpointmarinesandhonor.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-indigenous-people-of-pacific-and.html
YDNA K2 formed at the
juncture of Archaic Sapiens/Neanderthal admixture and proceeded to Australia,
where it is common today. The Australian
Aborigines sometimes have blonde hair, which indicates that it might be a
Neanderthal trait.
Figure 39: Australian
Man https://1tawnystranger.wordpress.com/2014/07/03/more-about-aboriginal-australians/
Figure
40: Older Australian Man http://religionandmediacourse.blogspot.com/2010/11/religious-representation-of-australian.html
Figure 41: Australian Child https://1tawnystranger.wordpress.com/2013/11/01/aborigines-other-native-pacific-oceanic-peoples/
The ‘Negritos’ are an ancient
people who were said to be small in stature with very dark skin and short
hair. These peoples have been found all
over the globe in small numbers, like remnant populations that were overlaid
with later adventurers. These peoples
are found across India, Southeast Asia and along the western European coast and
across Polynesia. Were they related to a
different Neanderthal clan or did the genes enter at a later time, by admixture
with new populations? The Harappans look
like a mix of Eurasian and negritos and the Dravidians look like they have the
line also. Were these related to the
Australians? Probably some of them. Some
doubt their existence, but possibly the time of disbursal is off. The Andamese are said to have reached the
islands during the last glacial maximum and became an isolated population after
sea level rise at the end of the ice age.
They swim with elephants!
Andaman Islanders
YDNA D prevalent
Old YDNA D from 60,000 years ago found themselves young
girlfriends, coinciding in central Asia, Tibet and the islands of Japan and
producing ancient civilizations like the Mongols, the Jomon and Shangrila from the way old
days. Apparently the old YDNA D
developed in Asia, related to the ancient YDNA E of Africa and Europe, but D
was common in Asia, not Europe. YDNA D
must have quite a bit of variation. And
the new combination of YDNA D and MTDNA G from about 35,000 years ago produce a
cultural bloom in Japan among the Jomon, where marvelous pottery was made at a
very early time. MTDNA G
is common among the Itelmen, living people in Kamchatka.
Figure 42:
Itelman By Theodore de Pauly -
Description ethnographique des peuples de la Russie, p.408, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=54722526
I think there is a connection between rice cultivation and
pottery and that pottery was a concept that was worldwide, and was probably a
technology that survived the beginning of the Holocene and all the changes that
were forced on humans adapting to a changing climate. Who would discard the idea of pottery, even
if you could not make it? Just like
ancient myths of flying, the legends persist.
Pottery was made worldwide and gorillas weave funny little constructs,
so maybe we just naturally weave baskets.
I’m not going to guess about who invented pottery, but I am
waiting for information from China about ancient pottery, where many traditions
surfaced over the eons of time and where rice cultivation goes back into the
distant past. After all, Homo Erectus
was in China two million years ago, walking around with control of fire and
flourishing, meeting new hominid immigrants with open arms for admixture upon
admixture for a million years. Homo
Erectus is obviously the ‘unknown hominid’ in some studies of admixture
patterns. I suggest a study of shoulder formats for
Erectus as compared to others for keys to this admixture.
Asia was the real ‘melting pot’ of the ancient world. And the admixtures were beneficial to Homo
Sapiens. All of those different
phenotypes were of the same species but probably had different cultures that
developed in isolation, then these cultures were shared by admixing, when the
offspring would ideally learn the customs and technologies of both groups and a
cultural bloom would begin.
The Mousterian tradition was of longstanding existence
related to Neanderthal. There is evidence
that Neanderthal used heavy short spears with sharp chipped flint spear heads
and were possibly ambush artists, a quick rush from a hidden position to kill
the prey. They were sprinters but could
probably keep up a good pace. Guerrilla
Warfare, anyone? The Neanderthal toolkit
survived until around 35,000 years ago, merged with toolkits from archaic
Sapiens, and then was replaced by ever increasing technology. The bloodlines now contained the last dose of
classic Neanderthal into the gene pool, and the age of innovation began. The same thing happened in Asia, as the Oase
blood spread east and mixed with Denisovan, so did new technologies.
Somewhere in all this were the megalith societies, the
Stonemasons. Were these the “Gods” that
helped the early cultures? The Kolbrin
speaks of ‘reserves’ where the natives were off limits for sexual activity but
it happened anyway, which describes encounters described in ancient texts. The liaisons described in Greek myths
resulted in offspring who became the great warriors of old and Prometheus was
punished for giving fire to the savages.
Perhaps those gods came from a different megalith culture than that of
Viracocha in South America. Viracocha
came for only long enough to teach the natives agriculture and husbandry and
maybe weaving, and then he left. The
megaliths of Peru speak of a former high culture with amazing technology that
could build Saksayhuaman. Viracocha may
have been a government or dynasty. Myths
are allegories.
Neanderthal buried the dead with ochre, had flutes and even
may have made bagpipes, if the article I read was not an English hoax. The
survival of this human variation throughout the last five ice ages is nothing
less than phenomenal but the Pleistocene was the last one for the phenotype
Neanderthal. The last of the Mohicans.
35,000 years ago Europe hosted several new toolkits derived
from a merge of Mousterian and archaic Sapiens named the Chatelperronian.
After perusing the Mousterian and Chatelperronian and the
Cro Magnon toolkits, it looks like the Cro Magnon came from the arctic type
areas because they were economically dependent on reindeer and had a toolkit
that resembled that of arctic fishermen with advanced bone harpoons and
apparently fewer big game hunting stone points.
They had the atalatl and possibly bows and arrows and had a more
omnivorous diet than the Neanderthal.
The Cro Magnon had a varied economy,
utilizing reindeer, gathering and fishing.
The evidence suggests that the Cro Magnon originated in a subarctic
climate. They probably did not come from
Africa. If they possessed the bow and
arrow 35,000 years ago, that could have been a high technology producing
formidable warriors.
Nobody knows if the Neanderthals had bows and arrows and
atalatls. There are suspected remains of
heavy spears and an array of delicately chipped flints that exceeded the
expertise of the Cro Magnon, as judged by the quality of their stone
points. I think some of the Neanderthal
toolkit is not represented in collections because of the longer time
differential. The longer ago it was, the
less information is left.
At La Roche Cotard, France, a handmade face was found that
is dated at 32,000 years ago and is Mousterian Le Masque Neanderthal. I think of the Neanderthal site deep in a
cave of stalactites carefully arranged and the geometric drawings and the
series of dots that might signify days or something practical. The handprints are Neanderthal and they are
found all over the world, along with the genes that made up Homo Sapiens.
Figure 43: The
Mousterian Face La Roche Cotard http://donsmaps.com/mousterianothers.html
I think the union that the ‘gods’ tried to prevent was that
between the two phenotypes. The Kolbrin
talks about the necessity to keep the variant human groups apart in order to
prevent disease. The two groups
intermingled anyway and both groups ended up sick. The Yosling told the archaic human that they
would win even though their numbers were few, and indeed they did, for they
live on in us. I am making the
assumption that the Yoslings were Neanderthal, which might not be the
case. It might be the immigrants into
Neanderthal territory who were the Yoslings.
The cave paintings of Europe and Indonesia all show the
handprint motif. So many of them date
tentatively to around the 30-40,000 BP time period when the cultural liaisons
of Mousterian and Cro Magnon/Aurignacian were taking place over thousands of
years. Did the cultural bloom as a
result of the new data lead to the cave art?
Who did the cave art? Is it dated
correctly? How is it related to the
Laschamp Effect?
The Toba
Eruption and the Proliferation of Haplotypes
Climate and
Odd Lot Data
Before
Present Descriptor
188,000 +MTDNA
B006 sapiens/neander/Deniso /Amer/Europe
admixture
75,000 Toba
eruption Cooling Climate, bottleneck mammals SE Asia
71-12,000 Glacial
MIS 2-4, 5a-d 40,000 years
@70,000 Scholz’s
Star .8 Light Yr from sun binary star
inside Oort Cloud flyby
I think Toba and a cooling climate is what killed off the ‘gods’
and radiated their cultural remains throughout the Pacific Rim because the
differentiation caused by the bottleneck and subsequent migrations brought into
being the modern haplotypes.
I suspect that the remnants were of larger stature than the
current Homo Sapiens average and were widely disbursed throughout the
world. There is evidence of inbreeding
and decline in population numbers in some places among this group and some evidence
of integration as in the Moundbuilders where different sized skeletons were
common and were buried together. They
were in Europe and brought gifts of knowledge and they were in Eurasia making
war and they sparsely populated the coast of Argentina and they spread across
the Pacific Islands, but they did not survive as a coherent culture as the new
Homo Sapiens moved in.
The out of Africa theory is only partially correct. Sentient humans were all over the globe
before Toba but Toba had an effect of diminishing populations and allowing for
subsequent migrations. Perhaps these
migrations brought diseases to the remnants of the ‘gods’ and diminished the
populations even more. The Toba eruption
was a more local phenomenon but whatever existed at that time was important in
maintaining an ancient culture. Whatever
it was, Toba ended it.
I posit that a disbursal of Homo varieties occurred far and long
before the Toba Eruption and that the new migrants merged with them, with
whomever had the largest population coming out on top in the haplotype
game. And whomever had the best immune
system would triumph.
I think the immune system is the key to all. Out of Africa brought diseases. I wonder which diseases?
Timeline of Haplotype Appearance as of
2019 data. MTDNA(female) YDNA(male)
Descriptor Before Present
+Americas also
MTDNA N macro 71,000 Australia,
W. EurAsia with haplotypes M & R Europe
YDNA D M174 60,000 coastal
migration Jomon, Ainu, Andaman, Japan, Arabia
YDNA B M60 60,000 Tropical
Africa, Pygmies some in Iran, Hazara
+MTDNA C 60,000 NE
Asia, Amerinds, Siberia, Eurasia
MTDNA M macro 60,000 Asia,
Japan, Tibet
MTDNA U 55,000 paleolithic
Europe, W.Eurasia, N.Africa, S. Asia
YDNA E 55,000 African,
Bantu, lite Arabia, Malta, Greece, Baltic
MTDNA Q 50,000 Australia,
Melanesia, New Guinea
Homo Florienses 50,000 went
extinct on Flores SE Asia as Sapiens arrived
MTDNA P 50,000 Australia,
Melanesia, Phillippines, Bataan origin SE Asia
+MTDNA B2 50,000 Origin
in SE Asia, found in Americas
+YDNA C 50,000 Indus,
Americas,Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, E.Eur
+MTDNA A 50,000 Origin
Asia: N. America, Aleuts, Siberia, N. Asia
+MTDNA D 48,000 E
Asia, China, Amerinds, NE Asia, Central Asia
YDNA F M89 macro 48,000 SW
Asia, SE Asia 90% nonafrican hominids
YDNA K macro 47,000 S&W
Asia, Formed T-R Y haplogroups
YDNA K 47,000 SW
Asian origin, Australia, Micronesia, Melanesia
YDNA M-P256 47,000 SE
Asia, Melanesia, W New Guinea,
Europe R1b Ydna, MTDna H 47,000 Aurignacian CroMagnon (tall form?)
Egypt 38,000 “Gods”
Reigned in Egypt until 14,800 bp
YDNA J P209 31,700 Arabia,
Ethiopia, Egypt, Anatolia, Med. Sea
YDNA G 30,000 Baltic,
Mediterranean area, Pakistan, Alps
YDNA I M170 30,000 Bosnia,
Macedonia, Danes, Finns, Iceland, Sardinia
+MTDNA X 30,000 Levant,
N America, Druze, Scots, Algonquin, Sioux, Dene
YDNA G 30,000 Baltic,
Mediterranean area, Pakistan, Alps
YDNA L (K, M120) 30,000 Indus
Valley origin, Dravidian, S. India, Afghan, Syria
Homo Erectus 27,000 Phenotype
extinct or assimilated
MTDNA T 25,000 origin
Levant, Eurasia, Europe
MTDNA H 25,000 Europe,
Med. Sea, Gravettian, Magdalenian, Minoan
YDNA N 25,000 N
Eurasia, Siberia, Finns, Saami, Baltics, Yakuts, Hungary
MTDNA W 23,900 minority
clade, Pakistan, Kurds, Caucasus, Australians
MTDNA I 23,000 Europe
Carpathian, Iran, glacial expansion, Anatolia
YDNA E3b M215 22,400 Ashkenazim,
Sephardim, Sardinia, Europe, Africa, Tunis
R1b YDNA Europe 22 - 17,000 Solutrean
Spain
YDNA R1b 18,500 British
Isles, Iberia, Cameroon, Caucasus, W. Europe
YDNA R M 173 18,500 Native
American
Neanderthal
18,000 Phenotype
absorbed into Homo Sapiens
+YDNA Q 17,000 Dominant
male haplotype in Native Americans appears
This same data is arranged differently in the following
chapter, to highlight regional differences.
